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Item Adoption of Machine Learning by Rural Farms: A Systematic Review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Gilani, Sayed Abdul Majid; Tantry, Ansarullah; Askri, Soumaya; Gernal, Liza; Sergio, Rommel; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo JoseMachine Learning (ML) has seen a major increase as a method to improve operations for businesses and consumers in different industries. It has been highlighted to enhance efficiency for businesses in product creation, product development, marketing, and customer experience. The purpose of this paper was to review worldwide studies investigating ML adoption by rural businesses to determine the level of ML adoption research conducted in the context of rural farms. A systematic literature review incorporating a Template Analysis (T.A.) was conducted to determine the level of research investigating drivers and barriers to ML adoption by rural enterprises. The reviewed studies were selected based on research purpose (investigating the take-up of innovations/technology by rural businesses), year of research (2000–2023), and inclusion of rural businesses in the studies. Additionally, the reviewed studies were analysed based on the year of each study, the geography of the study, the sector, and the size of businesses, including the level of location/rurality of included businesses and the degree of technology/innovation adoption by enterprises. The findings from the study highlight a research problem based on limited research investigating the adoption of ML by rural farms in several regions around the world. Additionally, the findings from the review highlight a lack of clarity on the relationship between the sector and the size of businesses and their adoption of ML. The significance of the highlighted findings is that there is scope for further research investigating the adoption of ML by smaller rural businesses, which may inform their survival and growth and may have wider implications for policymakers and practice. Therefore, encouraging future primary research focusing on ML adoption by rural farms in the regions under-represented in the literature. Additionally, the findings from this paper have policy, practical, and theoretical implications. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Envisioning the Future of Heritage Tourism in the Creative Industries in Dubai: An Exploratory Study of Post COVID-19 Strategies for Sustainable Recovery(MDPI, 2023-06) Haq, Farooq; Yasin, Naveed; Nair, GayatriThis exploratory study investigates the challenges for the heritage tourism industries in the UAE by focusing on the strategies and policies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify the business strategies, analyze the contextual challenges for service providers, and explore how providers managed these challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. A multi-case study approach is adopted with 12 renowned and leading heritage tourism providers (CEOc, managers, and relationship managers) Additionally, four tourism academics interviewed through qualitative semi-structured interviews. The data were obtained during the post-COVID-19 economic recovery period from January 2022 to November 2022. The protocols of the Delphi technique and the Template Analysis (TA) approach were combined to develop richer insights. Initially, the challenges discovered were thematically categorized under two levels, which were (i) Inconsistencies for Heritage Tourism and (ii) Appreciation for Heritage Tourism. As a result, subsequently, four multi-tiered themes (macro, meso, and micro level) emerged as a response to the current challenges: (i) Repackaging heritage tourism, (ii) Long-term safety measures for tourists, (iii) Organizational adaptation and innovation, and (iv) Creative recommendations. The novelty of this study is inherent in its contextualization of an under-explored area, concurrent analysis of a dynamic and lucrative sector, and methodological advancement through the embellishment of techniques. Based on the findings of this research, a contextualized framework is proposed that complements tourism theory and delivers credible implications for researchers, government planners, and tourism providers. © 2023 by the authors.Item Marketing religious and spiritual tourism experiences(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2021-07-30) Haq, FarooqItem The Effect of Children's Innovative Education Courses Based on Fractional Differential Equations(Sciendo, 2022) Ni, Lianjing; Wang, Liping; Haq, Farooq; Nassar, Islam; Erkir, SarpFractional differential equations are one of the important contents of advanced mathematics courses. The article uses fractional differential equations to describe the effects of children's innovative education courses. Through the qualitative analysis of the basic model, several conditions to ensure the effect of children's innovative education courses are obtained. At the same time, combined with practical experience, the teaching curriculum case design analyzes the specific application of the fractional differential equation in the effect of children's innovative education curriculum. Research has found that the fractional differential equation algorithm improves the efficiency of innovation. © 2022 Lianjing Ni et al., published by Sciendo 2022.Item The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Religious Tourism to the Kartarpur Corridor(Dublin Institute of Technology, 2022) Haq, Farooq; Medhekar, AnitaThe aim of this paper is to analyse the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religious tourism in the Kartarpur Gurdwara Corridor between the Punjab States of Pakistan and India. The corridor was opened as a peace building initiative 72 years after the partition of India-Pakistan. In November 2019, thousands of Sikh pilgrims visited Kartarpur and Nankana Sahib in Punjab to celebrate the 550th birth anniversary of the founder of the Sikh religion Guru Nanakji, where he spent last 19 years of his life. The Government of Pakistan invested heavily to build the infrastructure facilities for connecting both borders for religious tourism. The two phases of development of Kartarpur created economic opportunities for the growth of bilateral trade, religious tourism, diplomacy, and peaceful relationships. However, the COVID-19 based travel lockdown caused devastating economic impacts on the Kartarpur religious tourism site and related businesses just four months after its opening. This paper highlights the importance of Kartarpur religious tourism and the devastating economic impact from COVID-19 on the niche spiritual tourism-based economy, employment, marketing, and peace associated with Kartarpur. Qualitative content analysis was adopted using quotes from internet sources to reach findings. Some opportunities are highlighted for a better understanding of global health issues, unified efforts to fight the pandemic and mutual support for spiritual tourism development among Indians and Pakistanis. Policy implications suggest that post-COVID-19, public-private partnership is needed to cooperatively plan, develop, and promote religious tourism, build awareness, and cooperate for common resource management for economic benefits. COVID-19 could be a cooperative stimulus for peaceful change through bilateral trade, travel, and tourism plans, based on responsible cross-border tourism for India and Pakistan; to create a mutually beneficial South-Asian economic success story. © 2022 Dublin Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.Item Cross-Border Cooperation for Bilateral Trade, Travel, and Tourism: A Challenge for India and Pakistan(IGI Global, 2022-01-01) Medhekar, Anita; Haq, FarooqCross-Border Cooperation (CBC) is described as collaboration with neighbouring countries sharing land or sea borders to cooperate to reduce poverty and inequality among people, and improve living standards for sustainable development of the regions. European Union key objective has been CBC model where bordering countries in balanced partnership, have equal say in program decision-making process for sustainable development to meet common goals. The three factors essential for CBC clearly defined goals, promotion of political transparency, and promotion of connectivity and communication are correlated with the four levels of CBC implementation and public-private-partnerships. This chapter examines the challenge and significance of cross border cooperative relationship between India and Pakistan to disarm and have peace, for achieving 17 sustainable development goals in bordering conflict regions between the two countries for socio-economic progress and prosperity of the millions of people living in South Asia. © 2022 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.Item Nigerian students and the “allure” of Foreign (UK) Education: A Curious Reflection(Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2013-01-01) Madichie, Nnamdi O.; Madichie, Edward I.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the duality in the appeal of UK higher education degrees vis-à-vis the poor perception of African degrees (notably the Nigerian degree). We relied upon an online focus group of African academics and professionals outside the UK, in a bid to provide deeper insights on the problems and reasons why Nigerian students opt to study overseas - notably in the UK. Key questions discussed with our respondents revolved around the allure of foreign (UK) education, the challenges of higher education infrastructure/resources, employability concerns, and the growing security issues in the Nigerian higher education (HE) landscape. Finally we provide policy prescriptions in the light of recent developments in the UK HE sector – notably the “London Metropolitan University (i.e. LondonMet) saga,” - whose licence was recently revoked and immigrant visa powers stripped by the UK Borders Agency. © 2013 Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Doing Business in Ghana's Informal Sector - Auntie Muni & the "Waakye" Kitchen(Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2013-01-01) Madichie, Nnamdi O.; Hinson, Robert E.This exploratory study pools together two complementary streams of literature - i.e. marketing and entrepreneurship, drawing upon a single case study of "Auntie Muni," an informal woman-owned business in the food sector in Ghana's East Legon area. In our estimation and based on our in-depth interview, Auntie Muni has braved all odds to remain in business despite all the harsh conditions facing her line of business. With a poor educational background, her resilience as a mother not just to her kids (but to most young people in the community, hence the name Auntie) and her optimistic outlook to life in general makes her a worthy case deserved of research attention. It also highlights some policy implications on the need of the government to recognise, reward and assist such informal ventures into more formalized ones. In the end we hope to have a holistic view of the entrepreneurial landscape of the food business (i.e. restaurants) in what we hope would become an assemblage of challenges and achievements for class and other scholarly discussions in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is with a view to teasing out areas where lessons might be learnt, and identifying other areas for further policy intervention as the continent muddles its way towards the 2015 deadline of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). © 2013 Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Integration of functional areas of business : A research agenda(Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2014-01-01) Opute, Promise Abdullah; Madichie, Nnamdi O.Since the early 1980's relationship marketing theorists have increasingly underlined the need to ensure harmonious interfunctional relationship between marketing and other functional areas, in order to profitably satisfy the customer. A major gap in the literature, however, is the lack of understanding of interfunctional relationship in the non-Western context. To contribute to addressing this imbalance in the literature, this paper aims primarily to inspire researches that illuminate the non-Western context, which will be characterised by cultural fabrics and trading patterns that contrast the Western norms. The methodological approach in this paper is two folds. First, review of literature is undertaken to identify the core themes (and variables) and the debates in the existing literature. Second, a template is proposed to guide knowledge development in the area. © 2014 Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Entrepreneurial Orientation among SME Wood Manufacturers in Ghana(Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2014-01-01) Ibrahim, Masud; Madichie, Nnamdi O.This study explores the entrepreneurial orientation of Small and medium size enterprises (SME) wood manufacturers in Ghana. Data for the study was obtained through an in-depth interview with the managers of four sampled wood manufacturers in Accra and Kumasi. Findings from the study indicate a strong relationship between the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage in the furniture industry in Ghana. The study concludes that SME wood manufacturers in Ghana are entrepreneurial – i.e. innovative, risk taking and proactive. However, considering that the market is dynamic the study recommends that firms in this industry should constantly update existing competencies and seek new competencies, in order to have a sustained competitive advantage as well as profitability and growth. This paper evaluates entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance among small and medium enterprises from a developing country perspective. © 2014 Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Innovative Marketing in the Health Industry(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2017) Jiwani, Zahra Ladha; Poulin, MarcThe health care industry continues to face the challenges of being able to provide high quality services at an acceptable cost. One of the challenges being faced is the reactive versus proactive mode of health professionals and patients, in dealing with health issues. This is due in part to the incongruent incentive structures in place for the B2B stakeholders, as well as the need to create greater awareness of preventive care and its benefit over reactive care. While some stakeholders are now increasing their focus on preventive health care initiatives in order to be more effective and efficient, the health care industry still faces the ultimate marketing challenge of changing health care providers to shift towards a more proactive versus reactive approach to health care. This article explores the literature and industry best practices in marketing for companies focusing on preventive health care. The article discusses a variety of ideas and critically analyzes their potential in the context of a company’s innovative business model on the global market. © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.Item Quantitative Risk Analysis for International Project Management and Programs in an Emerging Economy(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2017) Enyinda, Chris I.Historically, international projects are prone to both endogenous and exogenous risks. And the World Bank international projects and programs are not immune to similar risks. What is important though is the ability of project managers to identify the sources of endogenous and exogenous risks and how to leverage proactive or predictive project risk management strategies. Arguably, predictive project risk management is the lifeline for successful projects and programs. Managing portfolio of risks in international projects is imperative for the World Bank’s mission of economic development and poverty eradication in developing countries. Inability to identify sources of risks attached to projects and programs can contribute to missed opportunities. It can also discourage the World Bank and other international agencies from approving or awarding future development projects and programs. Although in spite of the growing menace of risks in development projects and programs, project managers have little or no knowledge of project risk management. This chapter proposes a multi-attribute decision support approach to model and analyze the risk for the World Bank projects and programs in Nigeria. © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.Item The Impact of COVID-19 on Luxury Consumption in Tourism to and from Dubai(Publishing India Group, 2021) Syed, Anam; Haq, FarooqThe global pandemic of COVID-19 has damaged the consumption of luxury products and services, yet the academic interest in luxury tourism shopping remains limited. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in tourism literature identifying the untapped potential of luxury consumption in tourism. In this exploratory research, convenient sampling was used to select and interview in-bound and out-bound tourists based in Dubai regarding their luxury shopping behaviour. Thematic analysis was applied to identify factors for comparison between emerging themes. Research findings indicated that luxury consumption is a combination of planned and experiential consumption behaviour as identified from the thematic analysis based on comparison of in-bound and out-bound tourists’luxury shopping behaviour and experiences. Findings of this research provided themes as: perception of luxury shopping in and from Dubai, luxury shopping motivation for tourists before COVID-19 and impact of COVID-19 on luxury tourism shopping. This original study attempts to highlight Dubai as a luxury shopping destination strategizing marketing to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on luxury tourism markets. The research contributes to tourism and marketing literature by identifying comparative factors for in-bound and out-bound luxury tourism markets. © 2021 Publishing India Group. All rights reserved.Item Strategic indicators of the role of government in developing Dubai as a Medical Tourism Hub(IGI Global, 2019-11-22) Haq, Farooq; Medhekar, AnitaMedical tourism is a growing phenomenon in the Middle East. Dubai is strategically located to competitively attract patients from Islamic backgrounds given the cultural congruence with the Middle Eastern countries for medical tourism. Dubai is famous for its shopping, sightseeing, desert safaris, state-of-the art tourism facilities, and as a melting pot for Eastern and Western civilizations. The government of United Arab Emirates is playing a key role to support the development of Dubai as a medical tourism hub of the Middle East and diversify the oil-based economy in an innovative way. It is developing various niche tourism products and services embedded in the non-oil sectors of the economy by applying the five strategic indicators required to study the role of governments in planning and supporting sustainable tourism. © 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.Item Branding heritage tourism in Dubai: A qualitative study(Akdeniz University Publishing House, 2021) Haq, Farooq; Seraphim, Joanna; Medhekar, AnitaThis qualitative paper explores tourism branding for Dubai to develop brand differentiation based on factors influencing heritage tourism. Data was collected through direct interviews with relevant tourists and tourism experts. The paradigm of critical realism was adapted to analyze the data with thematic analysis by extracting related themes. Five emerging themes have been identified: perception of brand authenticity in heritage tourism, Dubai’s tourism offerings, heritage branding, marketing suggestions, and heritage tourism valorization. Research outcomes present a strategy for brand marketing Emirati heritage tourism as new strategic advances in tourism management. Practical implications suggest that heritage tourism can achieve brand differentiation among heritage tourism destinations by leveraging authenticity and modernity. This paper contributes to the theory of tourism marketing and management, with the unique case of branding Dubai as part of UAE heritage tourism, by adopting brand communication, brand identity, brand positioning, and brand personality strategies. © 2021 Akdeniz University Publishing House. All rights reserved.Item Co-creation applied to innovation for branding online distance education(Anadolu Universitesi, 2021) Haq, FarooqThis exploratory qualitative research investigates branding innovation for online distance education in Australian regional universities. The purpose is to apply co-creation to specify the type of innovation and branding approach for online distance education. The research purpose was achieved by studying two regional universities in Australia. The data was collected through in-depth interviews. Convenient sampling was employed to finalize the total sample of 36 managers, administration officials, technical staff and academics in both universities. Data analysis was conducted by thematic analysis. Research findings emphasized the importance of continuous innovation based on co-creation and cooperative branding for online distance education. Findings of this qualitative study were constructed on direct interviews conducted with internal stakeholders indicating three emerging themes: need for flexible education, growing market opportunities and the role of technological support. The paper argues that continuous innovation with cooperative branding will enhance academic and competitive performance of regional universities. Branding could be strategized by point-of-parity and cooperation replacing point-of-difference approach in the education industry. Research outcomes cover a gap in literature on branding online distance education for innovation based on co-creation. This study could be replicated in other countries including Turkey to investigate factors affecting innovation for branding distance education. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.Item Gravity Measurement Method Of Solid Rocket Drive Based On Switched Reluctance Motor System(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2021) Dongyi, Jia; Zhuo, Li; Farooq, Haq; Mohammed, YousufSolid rocket drive system based on switched reluctance motor is established through the working principle of switched reluctance motor, and the closed-loop precise control of solid rocket drive system digitization is realized by the control method of pulse width modulation technology. The gravity value of solid rocket drive system is measured by the vertical deviation measurement method based on attitude error observation. The attitude datum of solid rocket drive system is ob-tained by the relationship between the vertical deviation and the attitude error of solid rocket drive system. The state space of solid rocket drive system is estab-lished by the attitude datum obtained. The horizontal gravity component estima-tion model of the real gravity value of the solid rocket drive system is established by the state space model, and the accurate gravity value of the solid rocket drive system is obtained by the estimation model. The simulation results show that the method can effectively measure the gravity value of solid rocket driving system, and the errors of measuring the gravity of solid rocket driving system are less than 1%. © 2021. Society of Thermal Engineers of SerbiaItem Analytic Hierarchy Process and Sensitivity Analysis Approach for Social Media Impact on Pharmaceutical Relationship Marketing Tactics(Decision Science Institute, 2013) Enyinda, Chris I.; Ogbuehi, Alphonso O.; Hamouri, SuhairPharmaceutical relationship marketing (PRM) bodes well with the social media environment. Pharmaceutical industry can build and maintain relationships with consumers through social media. Firms that leverage social media to enhance their PRM tactics will be viewed favorably in terms of trust, transparency, openness, and honesty. This paper explores the sensitivity analysis (SA) of PRM tactics within the social media environment using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. Results revealed customer engagement as the most important PRM tactic, followed by communication, and trust. The performance SA carried out on the PRM tactics showed that the ranking associated with social media channel options remained robust or insensitive to small perturbations.Item A critical analysis of the "dialogic communications" potential of sub-Saharan African Police Service websites(Elsevier BV, 2014-06) Madichie, Nnamdi O.; Hinson, RobertItem Is Spiritual Tourism an Innovation in Tourism for India and Pakistan?(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2017) Haq, Farooq; Medhekar, AnitaThis conceptual paper attempts to build on the argument that innovation in tourism is a less focused topic in business and academic research. The growing interest in the practice and business of spiritual tourism cannot be ignored. This interest motivates the research aiming to present spiritual tourism as an innovation in tourism, specifically in India and Pakistan. In this unique study, the innovation in tourism is appreciated and analyzed from dimensions of product, process, and people, falling under the umbrella of architectural and revolutionary innovation. Hence the three elements of the tourism product: people, places, and events are adapted to align with the spiritual tourism as a tourism innovation. India and Pakistan are selected as the two countries since both carry the status of multifaith-purpose spiritual tourism destinations. This original research emphasizes on recognizing spiritual tourism as an innovation in tourism based on its products and services illustrating architectural and revolutionary innovation. The paper concludes with a matrix mapping elements of spiritual tourism with the dimensions of tourism innovation, hence filling a gap in the literature on tourism innovation and spiritual tourism. A relevant empirical study of travelers visiting India and Pakistan for spiritual tourism is a palpable future study. © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.