Ramadan observance exacerbated the negative effects of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep and training behaviors: an international survey on 1681 Muslim athlete

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dc.contributor.authorRomdhani, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorAmmar, Achraf
dc.contributor.authorTrabelsi, Khaled
dc.contributor.authorChtourou, Hamdi
dc.contributor.authorVitale, Jacopo Antonino
dc.contributor.authorMasmoudi, Liwa
dc.contributor.authorNedelec, Mathieu
dc.contributor.authorRae, Dale Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorAl-horani, Ramzi A.
dc.contributor.authorBEN SAAD, Helmi
dc.contributor.authorBragazzi, Luigi
dc.contributor.authorDonmez, Gurhan
dc.contributor.authorDergaa, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorDRISS, Tarak
dc.contributor.authorFarooq, Abdulaziz
dc.contributor.authorHammouda, Omar
dc.contributor.authorHarroum, Nesrine
dc.contributor.authorHassanmirzaei, Bahar
dc.contributor.authorKhalladi, Karim
dc.contributor.authorKhemila, Syrine
dc.contributor.authorMataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose
dc.contributor.authorMoussa-Chamari, Imen
dc.contributor.authorMujika, Iñigo
dc.contributor.authorHelú, Hussein Muñoz
dc.contributor.authorFashkhami, Amin Norouzi
dc.contributor.authorPaineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane
dc.contributor.authorKhaneghah, Mehrshad Rahbari
dc.contributor.authorSaita, Yoshitomo
dc.contributor.authorSouabni, Maher
dc.contributor.authorSouissi, Nizar
dc.contributor.authorWashif, Jad Adrian
dc.contributor.authorWeber, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorZmijewski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Lee
dc.contributor.authorGarbarino, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorChamari, Karim
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-13T13:58:17Z
dc.date.available2022-06-13T13:58:17Z
dc.date.issued2022-06-30
dc.description.abstractObjective: Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods: From an international sample of athletes (n = 3911), 1681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening July 8th and closing September 30th, 2020. Results: The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p<0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n=2230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p<0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p>0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p<0.001; d=0.29) and later (p<0.001; d=0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p<0.001; d=0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown. Both sleep quality (χ2=222.6; p<0.001) and training volume (χ2=342.4; p<0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion: Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan. © 2022 Romdhani, Ammar, Trabelsi, Chtourou, Vitale, Masmoudi, Nedelec, Rae, Al-horani, BEN SAAD, Bragazzi, Donmez, Dergaa, DRISS, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-Chamari, Mujika, Muñoz Helú, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Rahbari Khaneghah, Saita, Souabni, Souissi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari.
dc.identifier.citationRomdhani, M., Ammar, A., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Vitale, J. A., Masmoudi, L., . . . Chamari, K. (2022). Ramadan observance exacerbated the negative effects of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep and training behaviors: A international survey on 1,681 Muslim athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.925092
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.925092
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12519/672
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A.
dc.relationAuthors Affiliations : Romdhani, M., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Physical Activity, Sport and Health, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, UR18JS01, Tunisia; Ammar, A., Institute of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany, Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Trabelsi, K., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, University of Sfax, Sfax, EM2S, LR19JS01, Tunisia; Chtourou, H., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Physical Activity, Sport and Health, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, UR18JS01, Tunisia; Vitale, J.A., IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; Masmoudi, L., High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Nédélec, M., The French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Unit, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370), Paris, France; Rae, D.E., Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Al Horani, R.A., Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; Ben Saad, H., Laboratoire de Recherche (LR12SP09), Insuffisance Cardiaque” Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat Hached, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia; Bragazzi, N., Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dönmez, G., Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Dergaa, I., PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Driss, T., Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France; Farooq, A., Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar; Hammouda, O., Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France, Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, LR19ES13, Tunisia; Harroum, N., Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Hassanmirzaei, B., Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center, IFMARC, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran; Khalladi, K., Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar; Khemila, S., Physical Activity, Sport and Health, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, UR18JS01, Tunisia, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L.J., Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Coventry University – Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relation, Coventry, United Kingdom; Moussa-Chamari, I., Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Mujika, I., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain, Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile; Muñoz Helú, H., Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Culiacán, Mexico; Norouzi Fashkhami, A., Esteghlal Physiotherapy Clinic, EPC, Tehran, Iran; Paineiras-Domingos, L.L., Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Reabilitação e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Khaneghah, M.R., Esteghlal Physiotherapy Clinic, EPC, Tehran, Iran; Saita, Y., Department of Sports and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Souabni, M., Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France; Souissi, N., Physical Activity, Sport and Health, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, UR18JS01, Tunisia, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia; Washif, J.A., Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Weber, J., Neurocognition and Action – Biomechanics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, Institute for Sports Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Zmijewski, P., University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Taylor, L., National Center for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom, Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garbarino, S., Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy, Post-graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Chamari, K., Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
dc.relation.ispartofseriesFrontiers in Nutrition; Volume 9
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
dc.rights.holder© 2022 Romdhani, Ammar, Trabelsi, Chtourou, Vitale, Masmoudi, Nedelec, Rae, Al-horani, BEN SAAD, Bragazzi, Donmez, Dergaa, DRISS, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-Chamari, Mujika, Muñoz Helú, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Rahbari Khaneghah, Saita, Souabni, Souissi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectConfinement
dc.subjectpandemic
dc.subjectReligious fasting
dc.subjectSleep-wake pattern
dc.subjecttraining load
dc.titleRamadan observance exacerbated the negative effects of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep and training behaviors: an international survey on 1681 Muslim athlete
dc.typeArticle

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