How do social and economic factors affect carbon emissions? New evidence from five ASEAN developing countries

Tebourbi, ImenNguyen, Anh Thi TrucYuan, Shu-FangHuang, Chiung-Yu2022-10-102022-10-10© 20222022Tebourbi, I., Nguyen, A. T. T., Yuan, S. -., & Huang, C. -. (2022). How do social and economic factors affect carbon emissions? new evidence from five ASEAN developing countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2120038.1331677Xhttps://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2120038http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12519/711This study analyzes the long and short-run impacts of social and economic factors on carbon emissions from five developing ASEAN countries during the period 1986–2017. Utilising a Pooled Mean Group Estimator, we find a nonlinear relationship between CO2 emissions and real GDP, confirming the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Our results indicate that energy consumption is the main driver of environmental degradation in these countries; and that FDI and urbanisation reduce carbon emissions. Our research indicates both a long-run and short-run nexus between government education expenditures and CO2 emissions. We conclude with policy suggestions to reduce CO2 emissions while attaining sustainable growth. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.en-USCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) LicenseASEAN countriesCarbon emissionsenergy consumptionEnvironmental Kuznets Curveforeign direct investmentGDPgovernment education expendituresurbanisationHow do social and economic factors affect carbon emissions? New evidence from five ASEAN developing countriesArticleCopyright : © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.