COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices

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dc.contributor.authorWashif, Jad Adrian
dc.contributor.authorSandbakk, Øyvind
dc.contributor.authorSeiler, Stephen
dc.contributor.authorHaugen, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorFarooq, Abdulaziz
dc.contributor.authorQuarrie, Ken
dc.contributor.authorJanse van Rensburg, Dina C.
dc.contributor.authorKrug, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorVerhagen, Evert
dc.contributor.authorWong, Del P.
dc.contributor.authorMujika, Iñigo
dc.contributor.authorCortis, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorHaddad, Monoem
dc.contributor.authorAhmadian, Omid
dc.contributor.authorJufaili, Mahmood Al
dc.contributor.authorAl-Horani, Ramzi A.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Mohannadi, Abdulla Saeed
dc.contributor.authorAloui, Asma
dc.contributor.authorAmmar, Achraf
dc.contributor.authorArifi, Fitim
dc.contributor.authorAziz, Abdul Rashid
dc.contributor.authorBatuev, Mikhail
dc.contributor.authorBeaven, Christopher Martyn
dc.contributor.authorBeneke, Ralph
dc.contributor.authorBici, Arben
dc.contributor.authorBishnoi, Pallawi
dc.contributor.authorBogwasi, Lone
dc.contributor.authorBok, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBoukhris, Omar
dc.contributor.authorBoullosa, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBragazzi, Nicola
dc.contributor.authorBrito, Joao
dc.contributor.authorCartagena, Roxana Paola Palacios
dc.contributor.authorChaouachi, Anis
dc.contributor.authorCheung, Stephen S.
dc.contributor.authorChtourou, Hamdi
dc.contributor.authorCosma, Germina
dc.contributor.authorDebevec, Tadej
dc.contributor.authorDeLang, Matthew D.
dc.contributor.authorDellal, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorDönmez, Gürhan
dc.contributor.authorDriss, Tarak
dc.contributor.authorDuque, Juan David Peña
dc.contributor.authorEirale, Cristiano
dc.contributor.authorElloumi, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorFoster, Carl
dc.contributor.authorFranchini, Emerson
dc.contributor.authorFusco, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorGaly, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorGastin, Paul B.
dc.contributor.authorGill, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorGirard, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorGregov, Cvita
dc.contributor.authorHalson, Shona
dc.contributor.authorHammouda, Omar
dc.contributor.authorHanzlíková, Ivana
dc.contributor.authorHassanmirzaei, Bahar
dc.contributor.authorHébert-Losier, Kim
dc.contributor.authorHelú, Hussein Muñoz
dc.contributor.authorHerrera-Valenzuela, Tomás
dc.contributor.authorHettinga, Florentina J.
dc.contributor.authorHoltzhausen, Louis
dc.contributor.authorHue, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorDello Iacono, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorIhalainen, Johanna K.
dc.contributor.authorJames, Carl
dc.contributor.authorJoseph, Saju
dc.contributor.authorKamoun, Karim
dc.contributor.authorKhaled, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorKhalladi, Karim
dc.contributor.authorKim, Kwang Joon
dc.contributor.authorKok, Lian-Yee
dc.contributor.authorMacMillan, Lewis
dc.contributor.authorMataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose
dc.contributor.authorMatsunaga, Ryo
dc.contributor.authorMemishi, Shpresa
dc.contributor.authorMillet, Grégoire P.
dc.contributor.authorMoussa-Chamari, Imen
dc.contributor.authorMusa, Danladi Ibrahim
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, Hoang Minh Thuan
dc.contributor.authorNikolaidis, Pantelis T.
dc.contributor.authorOwen, Adam
dc.contributor.authorPadulo, Johnny
dc.contributor.authorPagaduan, Jeffrey Cabayan
dc.contributor.authorPerera, Nirmala Panagodage
dc.contributor.authorPillay, Lervasen
dc.contributor.authorPopa, Arporn
dc.contributor.authorPudasaini, Avishkar
dc.contributor.authorRabbani, Alizera
dc.contributor.authorRahayu, Tandiyo
dc.contributor.authorRomdhani, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorPérez-Gómez, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSalamh, Paul
dc.contributor.authorSarkar, Abu-Sufian
dc.contributor.authorSchillinger, Andy
dc.contributor.authorSetyawati, Heny
dc.contributor.authorShrestha, Navina
dc.contributor.authorTabben, Montassar
dc.contributor.authorTrabelsi, Khaled
dc.contributor.authorUrhausen, Axel
dc.contributor.authorSuraya, Fatona
dc.contributor.authorValtonen, Maarit
dc.contributor.authorWeber, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorWhiteley, Rodney
dc.contributor.authorZrane, Adel
dc.contributor.authorZerguini, Yacine
dc.contributor.authorZmijewski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorSaad, Helmi Ben
dc.contributor.authorPyne, David B.
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Lee
dc.contributor.authorChamari, Karim
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-21T05:20:11Z
dc.date.available2022-10-21T05:20:11Z
dc.date.copyright© 2022
dc.date.issued2022-08
dc.descriptionThis work is not available in the CUD collection. The version of the scholarly record of this work is published in International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (2022), available online at: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543
dc.description.abstractPurpose: To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. Methods: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. Results: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (∼50%) than other sports (∼35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ∼38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ≥5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ≥60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). Conclusions: Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events. © 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.citation• Washif, J. A., Sandbakk, Ø., Seiler, S., Haugen, T., Farooq, A., Quarrie, K., Janse van Rensburg, D. C., Krug, I., Verhagen, E., Wong, D. P., Mujika, I., Cortis, C., Haddad, M., Ahmadian, O., Al Jufaili, M., Al-Horani, R. A., Al-Mohannadi, A. S., Aloui, A., Ammar, A., Arifi, F., Aziz, A. R., Batuev, M., Beaven, C. M., Beneke, R., Bici, A., Bishnoi, P., Bogwasi, L., Bok, D., Boukhris, O., Boullosa, D., Bragazzi, N., Brito, J., Palacios Cartagena, R. P., Chaouachi, A., Cheung, S. S., Chtourou, H., Cosma, G., Debevec, T., DeLang, M. D., Dellal, A., Dönmez, G., Driss, T., Peña Duque, J. D., Eirale, C., Elloumi, M., Foster, C., Franchini, E., Fusco, A., Galy, O., Gastin, P. B., Gill, N., Girard, O., Gregov, C., Halson, S., Hammouda, O., Hanzlíková, I., Hassanmirzaei, B., Hébert-Losier, K., Muñoz Helú, H., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Hettinga, F. J., Holtzhausen, L., Hue, O., Dello Iacono, A., Ihalainen, J. K., James, C., Joseph, S., Kamoun, K., Khaled, M., Khalladi, K., Kim, K. J., Kok, L., MacMillan, L., Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L. J., Matsunaga, R., Memishi, S., Millet, G. P., Moussa-Chamari, I., Musa, D. I., Nguyen, H. M. T., Nikolaidis, P. T., Owen, A., Padulo, J., Pagaduan, J. C., Perera, N. P., Pérez-Gómez, J., Pillay, L., Popa, A., Pudasaini, A., Rabbani, A., Rahayu, T., Romdhani, M., Salamh, P., Sarkar, A., Schillinger, A., Setyawati, H., Shrestha, N., Suraya, F., Tabben, M., Trabelsi, K., Urhausen, A., Valtonen, M., Weber, J., Whiteley, R., Zrane, A., Zerguini, Y., Zmijewski, P., Ben Saad, H., Pyne, D. B., Taylor, L., & Chamari, K. (2022). COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes’ Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(8), 1242-1256. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543
dc.identifier.issn15550265
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12519/715
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherHuman Kinetics Publishers Inc.
dc.relationAuthors Affiliations: Washif, J.A., Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sandbakk, Ø., Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Seiler, S., Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway; Haugen, T., School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Farooq, A., Aspetar, Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar; Quarrie, K., New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand; Janse van Rensburg, D.C., Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, World Netball, Manchester, United Kingdom; Krug, I., Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Verhagen, E., Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 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dc.relation.ispartofseriesInternational Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance; Volume 17, Issue 8
dc.rightsPermission to reuse abstract has been secured from Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.
dc.rights.holderCopyright: © 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc. All rights reserved.
dc.subjectcrowd-sourced data
dc.subjectmultinational sample
dc.subjectonline survey
dc.subjectperception
dc.subjectremote training
dc.titleCOVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.rightsHolderAccepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2022, 17 (8): 1242 - 1256, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543. © Human Kinetics, Inc.

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