Prevalence and Behavioral-Based Risk Factors (Eye Cosmetic and Tobacco Use) of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease in Four Middle Eastern Countries: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine

dc.contributor.authorGhach, Wissam
dc.contributor.authorBakkar, May M.
dc.contributor.authorAridi, Mona
dc.contributor.authorBeshtawi, Ithar
dc.contributor.authorDoughaily, Rita
dc.contributor.authorAl-Fayoumi, Noha
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-21T12:57:25Z
dc.date.available2022-12-21T12:57:25Z
dc.date.copyright© 2022
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractPurpose: To estimate the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease (DED) in four Middle Eastern Countries and investigate the association between behavioral-based risk factors and severity of DED. Patients and Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study of 1463 participants from 4 Mediterranean countries (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine). The Arabic version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (ARB-OSDI) questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence and severity of symptomatic DED using an online format survey. The survey also included demographic questions and possible behavioral risk factors (tobacco and cosmetic use). One-Way ANOVA and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate the association between OSDI mean scores and behavioral-based risk factors. Results: The prevalence of symptomatic DED (OSDI score ≥ 13) among the overall population (332 males and 1132 females) reached 70.2%. Tobacco and cosmetic users reported a higher significant prevalence and severity of symptomatic DED than non-users (p < 0.0001). Smoking habits (eg, smoking cigarettes or Ajami, smoking in closed areas, and daily smoking) were more likely to report symptomatic DED. Bad hygiene process during the use of any cosmetic product was behind the high prevalence and severity of symptomatic DED among the females of the study population. Conclusion: Symptomatic DED is substantial in Middle Eastern countries. It is statistically associated with cosmetic and tobacco use. © 2022 Ghach et al.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Modern University for Business and Science (MUBS).
dc.identifier.citationGhach, W., Bakkar, M. M., Aridi, M., Beshtawi, I., Doughaily, R., & Al-Fayoumi, N. (2022). Prevalence and behavioral-based risk factors (eye cosmetic and tobacco use) of symptomatic dry eye disease in four middle eastern countries: Lebanon, syria, jordan, and palestine. Clinical Ophthalmology, 16, 3851-3860. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S385040
dc.identifier.issn11775467
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S385040
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12519/732
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherDove Medical Press Ltd
dc.relationAuthors Affiliations : Ghach, W., Faculty of Communication, Arts and Sciences, Canadian University Dubai (CUD), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science (MUBS), Damour, Lebanon; Bakkar, M.M., Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Aridi, M., School of Computer and Applied Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science (MUBS), Damour, Lebanon; Beshtawi, I., Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; Doughaily, R., School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science (MUBS), Damour, Lebanon; Al-Fayoumi, N., Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
dc.relation.ispartofseriesClinical Ophthalmology; Volume 16
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License
dc.rights.holderCopyright : © 2022 Ghach et al.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
dc.subjectcosmetic use
dc.subjectmiddle east
dc.subjecteye dryness
dc.subjectOcular Surface Disease Index
dc.subjectsmoking
dc.titlePrevalence and Behavioral-Based Risk Factors (Eye Cosmetic and Tobacco Use) of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease in Four Middle Eastern Countries: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine
dc.typeArticle

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