Optimal levels of private tutoring investment in South Korea
Date
2021
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Publisher
Inderscience Publishers
Abstract
During the past several decades, South Korea has transformed itself into an international educational powerhouse. The rapid economic and social achievements have largely been attributed to intentional government-regulated education plans and policies. However, since the 1960s, a powerful parallel for-profit private tutoring sector (hagwons) has emerged with significant effect on families. The main aim of this study is twofold: to model how Korean households decide on the level of investment in private tutoring and to explore whether the current amounts of such investment seem optimal across various income levels, an issue which, to date, has received scant attention in the research literature. This exploratory investigation takes the form of a two-period life-cycle model that provides a framework in which to discuss household private tutoring investment decisions. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Description
This article is not available at CUD collection. The version of scholarly record of this article is published in International Journal of Education Economics and Development (2021), available online at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEED.2021.114364
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Keywords
Economic model, Educational expenditures, Private tutoring, South Korea
Citation
Hultberg, P. T., Calonge, D. S., & Choi, T. (2021). Optimal levels of private tutoring investment in South Korea. International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 12(2), 97-115. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEED.2021.114364