Nonlinear effects of ESG on energy-adjusted firm efficiency: Evidence from the stakeholder engagement of apple incorporated

Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Abstract
This study examines how the (i) overall environmental, social, and governance (OESG) performance; (ii) three individual E, S, and G (IESG) performance; and (iii) subcomponents of the three individual E, S, and G (SIESG) performance affect 29 Apple Incorporation partners' energy-adjusted firm efficiency from a nonlinear perspective. Our truncated regression findings from 145 firm-year observations for the period of 2016–2020 indicate that the association between OESG performance and energy-adjusted firm efficiency is U-shaped. However, this nonlinear U-shape exists in the individual S and G but not E of the IESG performance. Moreover, only certain subcomponents of the SIESG performance are nonlinearly related to energy-adjusted firm efficiency. Overall, we highlight both the costs and benefits of the ESG performance for maintaining sustainable development and stakeholder engagement. The energy-adjusted firm efficiency estimated through the multidimensional data envelopment analysis approach is also noteworthy for policy and decision-making purposes. © 2022 ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Description
This article is not available at CUD collection. The version of scholarly record of this paper is published in Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management (2022), available online at: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2266
Keywords
apple incorporated, data envelopment analysis, energy-adjusted firm efficiency, ESG, stakeholder engagement, sustainable development
Citation
Ren, C., Ting, I. W. K., Lu, W. -., & Kweh, Q. L. (2022). Nonlinear effects of ESG on energy-adjusted firm efficiency: Evidence from the stakeholder engagement of apple incorporated. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2266
URI
https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2266
 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12519/543
DOI
Collections
Accounting & Finance