Operation and Supply Chain Management
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Item To win the marketplace, you must first win the workplace: CEO ability, CSR, and firm performance: evidence from fast-growing firms in Asia–Pacific(Palgrave Macmillan, 2024) Rehman, Saif Ur; Elshareif, Elgilani; Abidi, NaseemItem CEO psychological biases, firm performance and alternative mechanisms in transition economies: evidence from Malaysia(Cogent OA, 2024) Rehman, Saif Ur; Alami, Rachid; Abidi, NaseemThis study examines the impact of CEO psychological biases (narcissistic and hubristic) in CEOs on a firm’s performance measured by long-term investor value appropriation (LIVA) in Malaysia. Based on a sample of 560 Malaysian firms for 2007–2022, we find the negative effect of CEO narcissism and hubris on firm performance. In comparative terms, the impact of CEO narcissism is more pronounced. Furthermore, we tested the moderating role of CEO attributes. CEO-duality and ownership moderate the CEO-narcissism/hubris LIVA negative relationships, whereas CEO tenure curtails the relationship. Furthermore, we also tested the role of governance in curtailing the effect of CEO narcissism/hubris on LIVA. The findings show that gender critical mass, foreign ownership, and group affiliation substitute the negative impact of CEO narcissism/hubris on LIVA. However, board independence and strategic alliance only weaken the negative effect of the psychological biases (narcissistic and hubristic) on LIVA. In additional analyses, gender critical mass is a substitution mechanism for the direct impact of foreign ownership and group affiliation on LIVA. This study enhances the existing knowledge on CEO narcissism and hubris by illustrating that CEO personality qualities impact the firm performance in the emerging context of Malaysia. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Industry 4.0 adoption and firm efficiency: evidence from emerging Giants in Asia Pacific region(Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao, 2023) Rehman, Saif UrPurpose - Industry 4.0 links smart production processes with embedded system production technologies to open the door to a new technological era that fundamentally alters industry value chains and business structures. This study examines the effects of Industry 4.0 on firm efficiency. Methods - Based on a cross-country sample of 1440 firms operating in the top twelve Giants of Asia-Pacific countries and a control sample with another set of 1440 similar-sized firms from non-adopting firms. Findings - The empirical evidence shows that Industry 4.0 positively impacts firm efficiency. Next, the Tobit model is used for the robustness of the main findings. Further, study also examine the mediating role of intangible assets (human capital and firm reputation) for the impact of Industry 4.0 on firm efficiency. Study findings support the hypotheses that intangible assets mediate the Industry 4.0-firm efficiency relationship. Implications - Study findings have managerial implications for production and operation managers on enhancing firm efficiency. Drawing upon practice-based-view theory, this study is the first to explore the mediating role of intangible assets (human capital and firm reputation) between in-Industry 4.0 and firm performance. Originality - This study shed light on the significance of intangible asset congruence in enhancing Industry 4.0 impact. © 2023, Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao. All rights reserved.Item Spillover effects of CEO performance-induced removal on competitor CEOs' firms' financial policies(Emerald Publishing, 2023-11-08) Saif-Ur-Rehman; Hussainey, Khaled; Khan, HashimPurpose: The authors examine the spillover effects of CEO removal on the corporate financial policies of competing firms among S&P 1500 firms. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used generalized estimating equations (GEE) on a sample of S&P 1,500 firms from 2000 to 2018 to test this study's research hypotheses. Return on assets (ROA), investment policy, and payout policy are used as proxies for corporate policies. Findings: The authors found an increase in ROA and dividend payout in the immediate aftermath. Further, this study's hypothesis does not hold for R&D expenditure and net-working capital as the authors found an insignificant change in them in the immediate aftermath. However, the authors found a significant reduction in capital expenditure, supporting this study's hypothesis in the context of investment policy. Institutional investors and product similarity moderated the spillover effect on corporate policies (ROA, dividend payout, and capital expenditure). Originality/value: The authors address a novel aspect of CEO performance-induced removal due to poor performance, i.e., the response of other CEOs to CEO performance-induced removal. This study's findings add to the literature supporting the bright side of CEOs' response to CEO performance-induced removal in peer firms due to poor performance. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.Item New learners’ satisfaction with online education: a longitudinal study(Anadolu Universitesi, 2023) Saif-Ur-Rehman; Elshareif, Elgilani Eltahir; Khan, FaisalWith recent advancements in IT, internet systems and and the need for IT-driven society, particularly during Covid-19, online education (online learning, or e-leaming) has become inevitable to achieve the multiple objectives (such as cost-effective, time-efficient, quality enhancement, etc.) both for educator and learner. Keeping in view the importance of online education, the current study focuses on pedagogy of how to increase the efficiency of a learner. Therefore, this study is aiming to explore how these two dimensions of online learning style are used to measure new learners’ satisfaction with online education, for which this study focuses on identifying the role of a student-teacher-contact (STC) in exploring the degree of learners’ satisfaction with online education, and also applying the moderating effect of student-student contact (SSC). A total of 340 target respondents were surveyed in three phases. The results showed that STC interaction was insignificant during phase – I, whereas both interactions were found significant during phase – II & III. The research emphasizes that SSC in the presence of moderators has a significant determinant of the degree of new learners’ satisfaction with online education. In addition, the management of online learning institutions will realize that SSC is essential for achieving new learners’ satisfaction with online education. Since there is no sufficient literature on the moderating role of STC, this study is a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge © 2023, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education.All Rights Reserved.Item Macroeconomic sensitivity, risk-return trade-off and volatility dynamics evidence from developed and developing markets(IGI Global, 2023) Khan, Faisal; Khan, Hashim; Rehman, Saif Ur; Jumaa, Muhammad; Jan, Sharif UllahItem CEO Greed, Corporate Governance, and CSR Performance: Asian Evidence(MDPI, 2023-05) Rehman, Saif Ur; Hamdan, Yacoub HaiderIn this study, we examined the association between CEO greed and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance with a particular emphasis on the curtailing role of corporate governance. We found that CEO greed has a negative effect on CSR, since an uncontrolled pursuit of personal gain typically reveals myopic behavior and the foregoing of investment in CSR by a greedy CEO. Additionally, we found that CEO compensation in the form of large bonuses, support, and restricted stocks options weakened the link between CEO greed and CSR. Concerning the power dynamics amongst CEOs (CEO duality and tenure), we found that CEO duality moderates the negative relation between CEO greed and CSR. We also explored the curtailing role of corporate governance (proxies represented by board gender diversity and board independence) in the association between CEO greed and CSR. Our findings show that gender diversity curtails the negative effect of CEO greed on CSR once it reaches critical mass on the corporate board. Gender critical mass also curtails the negative impact of CEO greed on CSR, even if the CEO exercises duality. Our findings have empirical and practical implications. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between CEO greed and CSR in Asia, a region not renowned for CSR performance. This study also provides evidence for the curtailing role of compensation and governance factors in the negative relationship between CEO greed and CSR. © 2023 by the authors.Item Founding-Family Firms and CSR Performance in the Emerging Economy of India: A Socio-Emotional Wealth Perspective(MDPI, 2023-05) Rehman, Saif Ur; Hamdan, Yacoub HaiderFamily firms are considered a function of the family’s influence on the firm’s strategic choices by pursuing the family’s vision for the firm. Based on the premise of the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) theory, this study investigates whether they follow CSR as a strategic choice to grow and preserve SEW and embrace social norms. Using a sample of 88 publicly listed founder-controlled firms in India, this study found that more family member participation improves CSR performance. The relationship is more robust when participating members serve as owners and managers. Further, the relationship between family members is augmented when the member is a female participant. The findings of additional analyses show that family members are more attuned to environmental performance than the other two dimensions of CSR (social and governance). Finally, CSR is related to firm performance as assessed by ROA and Tobin Q. The findings support the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) theory as family members’ participation has incentives in choosing CSR as a strategic decision. CSR as a strategic choice offers economic and social benefits for family enterprises. © 2023 by the authors.Item Financial Efficiency and Its Impact on Renewable Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions: Do Eco-Innovations Matter for Highly Polluted Asian Economies?(MDPI, 2022-09) Hafeez, Muhammad; Rehman, Saif Ur; Faisal, C. M. Nadeem; Yang, Juan; Ullah, Sana; Kaium, Md. Abdul; Malik, Muhammad YousafThe analysis aims to examine the impact of eco-innovation and financial efficiency on CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption in highly polluted Asian economies, including China, India, Russia, and Japan. For empirical analysis, we have applied the ARDL pooled mean group (ARDL-PMG) model. The long-run estimated coefficient of environmental innovations is positively significant in both renewable energy models and negatively significant in the CO2 emissions model. These results imply that environmental innovations help facilitate renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. On the other side, the estimates of financial development are insignificant in both renewable energy and CO2 emissions models. However, the estimates of financial institution efficiency and financial markets are positively significant in both renewable energy and CO2 emissions models, implying that financial institutions and market efficiency increase renewable energy consumption and decrease CO2 emissions. © 2022 by the authors.Item Mathematical analysis of civil litigation and empirical research of corporate governance(Sciendo, 2022) Liu, Junling; Formaneck, StevenIn addition to reducing R&D investment and changing senior managers or corporate name, the significant uncertainty and reputation shock brought by civil litigation may also have a vital impact on corporate governance of the sued company. We use A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2011 to 2018 to empirically examine the impact of civil litigation on corporate governance and its mechanism. It is found that, civil litigation is negatively correlated with corporate governance, and financing liabilities (FL) play an intermediary role in the negative correlation. Furthermore, judicial local protectionism weakens the negative correlation between civil litigation and corporate governance. Finally we close with directions for future research. © 2021 Junling Liu et al., published by Sciendo 2021.Item Supply chain risk network value at risk assessment using Bayesian belief networks and Monte Carlo simulation(Springer, 2023-03) Qazi, Abroon; Simsekler, Mecit Can Emre; Formaneck, StevenItem Impact assessment of country risk on logistics performance using a Bayesian Belief Network model(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2023-05-05) Qazi, Abroon; Simsekler, Mecit Can Emre; Formaneck, StevenPurpose: This paper aims to assess the impact of different drivers of country risk, including business environment, corruption, economic, environmental, financial, health and safety and political risks, on the country-level logistics performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study utilizes three datasets published by reputed international organizations, including the World Bank Group, AM Best and Global Risk Profile, to explore interactions among country risk drivers and the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in a network setting. The LPI, published by the World Bank Group, is a composite measure of the country-level logistics performance. Using the three datasets, a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model is developed to investigate the relative importance of country risk drivers that influence logistics performance. Findings: The results indicate a moderate to a strong correlation among individual risks and between individual risks and the LPI score. The financial risk significantly varies relative to the extreme states of the LPI score, whereas corruption risk and political risk are the most critical factors influencing the LPI score relative to their resilience and vulnerability potential, respectively. Originality/value: This study has made two unique contributions to the literature on logistics performance assessment. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to establish associations between country risk drivers and country-level logistics performance in a probabilistic network setting. Second, a new BBN-based process has been proposed for logistics performance assessment and operationalized to help researchers and practitioners establish the relative importance of risk drivers influencing logistics performance. The key feature of the proposed process is adapting the BBN methodology to logistics performance assessment through the lens of risk analysis. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.Item Chitosan-phenylalanine nanoparticles (Cs-Phe Nps) extend the postharvest life of persimmon (diospyros kaki) fruits under chilling stress(MDPI AG, 2021-07) Nasr, Fahimeh; Pateiro, Mirian; Rabiei, Vali; Razavi, Farhang; Formaneck, Steven; Gohari, Gholamreza; Lorenzo, José M.There are high levels of damage imposed on persimmon fruit postharvest, especially after storing it in cold storage, which causes chilling injury (CI). To reduce this stress on the fruit, the conventional way is to use chemical treatments. Since there is a limitation in the use of chemical materials, it is necessary to apply non-harmful treatments to decrease chilling injury and maintain the quality of persimmon in cold storage. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chitosan-loaded phenylalanine nanoparticles (Cs-Phe NPs) (2.5 and 5 mM) on physiochemical and quality factors of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) during 45 days of storage at 4◦C (38◦F) and evaluate the impact of Cs-Phe NPs on the preserving quality in order to reduce the chilling injury of this fruit. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were applied at 15, 30, and 45 days after storage at 4◦C with ≥90% relative humidity. The size of Cs-Phe NPs was less than 100 nm, approximately. The results showed that application of 5 mM of Cs-Phe NPs delayed the negative effects of chilling stress and enhanced antioxidant capacity, firmness, and total soluble solids of persimmon fruit. Lower H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation along with higher soluble tannin and total carotenoid accumulation in persimmon fruit treated with 5 mM Cs-Phe NPs was also observed. Fruit coated using Cs-Phe NPs in both concentrations (2.5 and 5 mM) showed the highest antioxidant enzyme activity for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the lowest for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chilling injury during storage. According to our results, 5 mM of Cs-Phe NPs could be considered as the best treatment under chilling-stress conditions. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item The influence of linear feedback control suppression under the calculation of fractional financial system on the upgrading of high-tech industries(American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2021) Luo, Xiaoguang; Feng, Jiaying; Formaneck, StevenThe paper uses the panel smooth conversion fractional-order system model to divide the mechanism of financial development in high-Tech industries into two systems. At the same time, the article uses a continuous state to connect these two extreme situations to investigate the nonlinear characteristics of linear feedback control that inhibit the impact of financial development on high-Tech industries. Studies have shown that financial development under a low system has a significant role in promoting high-Tech industries. On the other hand, financial development under the high-level system has a restraining effect on high-Tech industries. There are dual-Threshold characteristics between the scale of financial development and the development of high-Tech industries. Firstly, the scale of financial development should be controlled within [0.553, 0.840]. Secondly, there is a single threshold between the level of financial development and the development of high-Tech industries, and the level of financial development should be controlled within 0.756. © 2021 American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. All rights reserved.Item Prioritizing risks in sustainable construction projects using a risk matrix-based Monte Carlo Simulation approach(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-02) Qazi, Abroon; Shamayleh, Abdulrahim; El-Sayegh, Sameh; Formaneck, StevenSustainability-related risks and risk management frameworks have been introduced in the literature to help project managers identify and manage critical risks influencing project sustainability. Theoretically grounded in the framework of Monte Carlo Simulation, this paper introduces and operationalizes a new process for prioritizing sustainability-related project risks using risk matrix data. Sustainability-related construction project risks have never been assessed relative to different confidence levels across the risk matrix-based exposure zones. The application of the proposed process on construction projects completed in the United Arab Emirates reveals that the conventional risk prioritization scheme undermines the importance of tail risks (unexpected events), whereas such risks are captured in the proposed process. In contrast to the most critical risks identified using the conventional scheme such as shortage of client's funding, insufficient or incorrect sustainable design operation, and design changes, the proposed process prioritizes risks such as poor productivity of labor and equipment in sustainable construction, unreasonable tight schedule for sustainable construction, and poor scope definition of sustainable construction. The proposed process is generalizable to prioritizing risks influencing sustainability in international construction projects and beneficial for enhancing project sustainability as there is a huge uncertainty associated with sustainability-related risks. © 2020 The Author(s)