Faculty of Engineering, Applied Science and Technology

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A 3G/WiFi-enabled 6LoWPAN-based U-healthcare system for ubiquitous real-time monitoring and data logging
(IEEE Computer Society, 2014) Tabish, Rohan; Ghaleb, Abdulaziz M.; Hussein, Rima; Touati, Farid; Mnaouer, Adel Ben; Khriji, Lazhar; Rasid, Mohd Fadlee A.
Ubiquitous healthcare (U-healthcare) systems are expected to offer flexible and resilient high-end technological solutions enabling remote monitoring of patients health status in real-time and provisioning of feedback and remote actions by healthcare providers. In this paper, we present a 6LowPAN based U-healthcare platform that contributes to the realization of the above expectation. The proposed system comprises two sensor nodes sending temperature data and ECG signals to a remote processing unit. These sensors are being assigned an IPv6 address to enable the Internet-of-Things (IoT) functionality. A 6LowPAN-enabled edge router, connected to a PC, is serving as a base station through a serial interface, to collect data from the sensor nodes. Furthermore, a program interfacing through a Serial-Line-Internet-Protocol (SLIP) and running on the PC provides a network interface that receives IPv6 packets from the edge router. The above system is enhanced by having the application save readings from the sensors into a file that can be downloaded by a remote server using a free Cloud service such as UbuntuOne. This enhancement makes the system robust against data loss especially for outdoor healthcare services, where the 3G/4G connectivity may get lost because of signal quality fluctuations. The system provided a proof of concept of successful remote U-healthcare monitoring illustrating the IoT functionality and involving 3G/4G connectivity while being enhanced by a cloud-based backup. © 2014 IEEE.
A Comparative Study of Autoregressive and Neural Network Models: Forecasting the GARCH Process
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kamalov, Firuz; Gurrib, Ikhlaas; Moussa, Sherif; Nazir, Amril
The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of forecasting in managing public health. The two of the most commonly used approaches for time series forecasting methods are autoregressive (AR) and deep learning models (DL). While there exist a number of studies comparing the performance of AR and DL models in specific domains, there is no work that analyzes the two approaches in the general context of theoretically simulated time series. To fill the gap in the literature, we conduct an empirical study using different configurations of generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (GARCH) time series. The results show that DL models can achieve a significant degree of accuracy in fitting and forecasting AR-GARCH time series. In particular, DL models outperform the AR-based models over a range of parameter values. However, the results are not consistent and depend on a number of factors including the DL architecture, AR-GARCH configuration, and parameter values. The study demonstrates that DL models can be an effective alternative to AR-based models in time series forecasting. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
A new watermarking scheme for digital videos using DCT
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2022-01-01) Al-Gindy, Ahmed; Omar, Aya Al-Chikh; Mashal, Omar; Shaker, Yomna; Alhogaraty, Eslam; Moussa, Sherif
With the advent of high-speed broadband Internet access, the need to protect digital videos is highly recommended. The main objective of this study is to propose an adaptive algorithm for watermarked digital videos in the frequency domain based on discrete cosine transform (DCT). The watermark signature image is embedded into the whole frame of the video. The green channel of the RGB frame is selected for the embedding process using the DCT algorithm as it shows the recommended quality of the watermarked frames. The experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm shows robustness and high quality of the watermarked videos by testing various strength values Δ for different videos. It offers resistance against different types of attacks. © 2022 Ahmed Al-Gindy et al., published by De Gruyter.
A survey of blockchain-based solutions for IoTs, VANETs, and FANETs
(IGI Global, 2021-06-11) Abdelhafidh, Maroua; Charef, Nadia; Mnaouer, Adel Ben; Chaari, Lamia
Recently, the internet of things (IoT) has gained popularity as an enabling technology for wireless connectivity of mobile and/or stationary devices providing useful services for the general public in a collaborative manner. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are regarded as a legacy enabling technology for various IoT applications. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) are specific extensions of MANETs that are drivers of IoT applications. However, IoT is prone to diverse attacks, being branded as the weakest link in the networking chain requiring effective solutions for achieving an acceptable level of security. Blockchain (BC) technology has been identified as an efficient method to remedy IoT security concerns. Therefore, this chapter classifies the attacks targeting IoT, VANETs, and FANETs systems based on their vulnerabilities. This chapter explores a selection of blockchain-based solutions for securing IoT, VANETs, and FANETs and presents open research directions compiled out of the presented solutions as useful guidelines for the readers. © 2021, IGI Global.
AI-based Energy Model for Adaptive Duty Cycle Scheduling in Wireless Networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Charef, Nadia; Mnaouer, Adel Ben; Bouachir, Ouns
The vast distribution of low-power devices in IoT applications requires robust communication technologies that ensure high-performance level in terms of QoS, light-weight computation, and security. Advanced wireless technologies (i.e. 5G and 6G) are playing an increasing role in facilitating the deployment of IoT applications. To prolong the network lifetime, energy harvesting is an essential technology in wireless networks. Nevertheless, maintaining energy sustainability is difficult when considering high QoS requirements in IoT. Therefore, an energy management technique that ensures energy efficiency and meets QoS is needed. Energy efficiency in duty cycling solutions needs novel energy management techniques to address these challenges and achieve a trade-off between energy efficiency and delay. Predictive models (i.e., based on AI and ML techniques) represent useful tools that encapsulate the stochastic nature of harvested energy in duty cycle scheduling. The conventional predictive model relies on environmental parameters to estimate the harvested energy. Instead, Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows for recursive prediction models that rely on past behavior of harvested and consumed energy. This is useful to achieve better precision in energy estimation and extend the limit beyond predictive models directed solely for energy sources that exhibit periodic behavior. In this paper, we explore the usage of a ML model to enhance the performance of duty cycle scheduling. The aim is to improve the QoS performance of the proposed solution. To assess the performance of the proposed model, it was simulated using the INET framework of the OMNet++ simulation environment. The results are compared to an enhanced IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol from the literature. The results of the comparative study show clear superiority of the proposed AI-based protocol that testified to better use of energy estimation for better management of the duty cycling at the MAC sublayer. © 2021 IEEE.
Arithmetic properties of complex fibonacci numbers and fibonacci quaternions
(SAS International Publications, 2021-09) Leung, Ho-Hon; Kamalov, Firuz
In this paper, we investigate certain arithmetic properties of complex Fibonacci numbers and Fibonacci quaternions. More specifically, we look at the divisibility properties of complex Fibonacci numbers and Fibonacci quaternions. Our results make use of some well-known Fibonacci identities. Since quaternions are non-commutative algebra, extra care has been taken to investigate the various divisibility properties of the Fibonacci quaternions. © SAS International Publications.
Audio steganalysis based on lossless data-compression techniques
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2012) Djebbar, Fatiha; Ayad, Beghdad
In this paper, we introduce a new blind steganalysis method that can reliably detect modifications in audio signals due to steganography. Lossless data-compression ratios are computed from the testing signals and their reference versions and used as features for the classifier design. Additionally, we propose to extract additional features from different energy parts of each tested audio signal to retrieve more informative data and enhance the classifier capability. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to discriminate between the cover- and the stego-audio signals. Experimental results show that our method performs very well and achieves very good detection rates of stego-audio signals produced by S-tools4, Steghide and Hide4PGP. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Auditory-based subband blind source separation using sample-by-sample and Infomax algorithms
(2010) Salem, Abderraouf Ben; Selouani, Sid Ahmed; Hamam, Habib
We present a new subband decomposition method for the separation of convolutive mixtures of speech. This method uses a sample-by-sample algorithm to perform the subband decomposition by mimicking the processing performed by the human ear. The unknown source signals are separated by maximizing the entropy of a transformed set of signal mixtures through the use of a gradient ascent algorithm. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach in terms of signal-to-interference ratio. Compared with the fullband method that uses the Infomax algorithm, our method shows an important improvement of the output signal-to-noise ratio when the sensor inputs are severely degraded by additive noise.
Autocorrelation for time series with linear trend
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021-09-29) Kamalov, Firuz; Thabtah, Fadi; Gurrib, Ikhlaas
The autocorrelation function (ACF) is a fundamental concept in time series analysis including financial forecasting. In this note, we investigate the properties of the sample ACF for a time series with linear trend. In particular, we show that the sample ACF of the time series approaches 1 for all lags as the number of time steps increases. The theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments. Our result helps researchers better understand the ACF patterns and make correct ARMA selection. © 2021 IEEE.
Autoencoder-based Intrusion Detection System
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Kamalov, Firuz; Zgheib, Rita; Leung, Ho Hon; Al-Gindy, Ahmed; Moussa, Sherif
Given the dependence of the modern society on networks, the importance of effective intrusion detection systems (IDS) cannot be underestimated. In this paper, we consider an autoencoder-based IDS for detecting distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). The advantage of autoencoders over traditional machine learning methods is the ability to train on unlabeled data. As a result, autoencoders are well-suited for detecting unknown attacks. The key idea of the proposed approach is that anomalous traffic flows will have higher reconstruction loss which can be used to flag the intrusions. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed method outperforms benchmark unsupervised algorithms in detecting DDoS attacks. © 2021 IEEE.
An Autonomous Multi-Variable Outdoor Air Quality Mapping Wireless Sensors IoT Node for Qatar
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020-06) Tariq, Hasan; Abdaoui, Abderrazak; Touati, Farid; Al-Hitmi, Mohammed Abdulla E; Crescini, Damiano; Mnaouer, Adel Ben
In all outdoor long haul air quality monitoring and mapping applications, sensing accuracy, the sustainability of telemetry, and resilience in node systems and operation are major challenges. The severity of these challenges varies depending on the moderateness and harshness of the climate of observation. In this work, an autonomous environmentally powered, sensors self-diagnostic/calibration, and context-aware IoT-based telemetry for multi-variable sensing node is being proposed. In this node, photo-voltaic and piezoelectric energy harvesters contributed to self-calibration and sustainable measurement of temperature (in °C), humidity (in %), pressure (in bar), geo-position (in NMEA format), volatile organic compounds-VOC (in ppm), particulate matter PM (in ppm), ozone (in Dobson Unit), Carbon mono-oxide (in ppm), Nitrogen dioxide (in ppm), and Sulphur dioxide (in ppm). Results have shown that the proposed system worked autonomously for days and optimized the real-time air quality mapping for the chosen geo-spatial cluster, i.e. Qatar University. © 2020 IEEE.
Autoregressive and neural network models: A comparative study with linearly lagged series
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021-09-29) Kamalov, Firuz; Gurrib, Ikhlaas; Thabtah, Fadi
Time series analysis such as stock price forecasting is an important part of financial research. In this regard, autoregressive (AR) and neural network (NN) models offer contrasting approaches to time series modeling. Although AR models remain widely used, NN models and their variant long short-term memory (LSTM) networks have grown in popularity. In this paper, we compare the performance of AR, NN, and LSTM models in forecasting linearly lagged time series. To test the models we carry out extensive numerical experiments based on simulated data. The results of the experiments reveal that despite the inherent advantage of AR models in modeling linearly lagged data, NN models perform just as well, if not better, than AR models. Furthermore, the NN models outperform LSTMs on the same data. We find that a simple multi-layer perceptron can achieve highly accurate out of sample forecasts. The study shows that NN models perform well even in the case of linearly lagged time series. © 2021 IEEE.
An autoregressive time delay neural network for speech steganalysis
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2012) Rekik, Siwar; Selouani, Sid-Ahmed; Guerchi, Driss; Hamam, Habib
Hiding a secret message in speech signal, called steganography, is used to provide secure communication. The detection of hidden information in the transmitted message called steganalysis. The purpose of steganalysis is to identify the presence of embedded information, and does not actually attempt to extract or decode the hidden data. An automated method is required for detecting the existence of hidden message, since the huge amount of channeled information. However, the development and evaluation of steganalysis algorithms is a challenging task. In this paper we advocate a new steganalysis technique to classify a speech as having hidden information or not, using a powerful and sophisticated classifier called Autoregressive Time Delay Neural Network (AR-TDNN). The originality of this AR-TDNN is its quite ability to detect secret messages hidden with different steganographic algorithms, although the variation of detection rate depends on the particular hiding techniques and amount of hidden information. © 2012 IEEE.
Batch-based power-controlled channel assignment for improved throughput in software-defined networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Salameh, Haythem Bany; Musa, Ahmed; Outoom, Ruba; Halloush, Rami; Aloqaily, Moayad; Jararweh, Yaser
Software-defined networking (SDN) along with transmission power control (TPC) have a great potential in enabling efficient wireless networking. Power control aims at increasing network throughput, while SDN provides cognition and intelligent capabilities to network devices. The key challenge in enabling efficient operation of such networks is how to perform efficient power-controlled MAC protocols that includes channel assignment and power allocation such that network throughput is enhanced while using the least number of channels. Traditional MAC protocols for SDNs employ an exclusive channel-occupancy between neighboring secondary users (SUs), which significantly limits network performance. In this paper, we develop a novel power-controlled spectrum access protocol for SDNs based on the interference-channel occupancy model with the objective of increasing network throughput. It allows several concurrent interference-limited transmissions to simultaneously proceed over the same channel in the same neighborhood. Unlike most of previous power-control MAC protocols that perform the channel assignment and power allocation sequentially, our protocol simultaneously makes distributed channel and power assignment decisions for multiple SU transmissions (batch-based method). Batching can be achieved by using an admission control window for SUs to exchange their collision-avoidance control information. Simulation results reveal that compared with CSMA/CA variants, our protocol greatly improve spectrum efficiency, which improves network throughput while reducing energy consumption. © 2019 IEEE.
Cluster aware mobility encounter dataset enlargement
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Haldar, Rajarshi; Bacanli, Salih Safa; Aloqaily, Moayad; Mnaouer, Adel Ben; Turgut, Damla
The recent emerging fields in data processing and manipulation has facilitated the need for synthetic data generation. This is also valid for mobility encounter dataset generation. Synthetic data generation might be useful to run research-based simulations and also create mobility encounter models. Our approach in this paper is to generate a larger dataset by using a given dataset which includes the clusters of people. Based on the cluster information, we created a framework. Using this framework, we can generate a similar dataset that is statistically similar to the input dataset. We have compared the statistical results of our approach with the real dataset and an encounter mobility model generation technique in the literature. The results showed that the created datasets have similar statistical structure with the given dataset. © 2019 IEEE.
Cognitive internet of things for smart water pipeline monitoring system
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Abdelhafidh, Maroua; Mohamed, Fourati; Fourati, Lamia Chaari; Mnaouer, Adel Ben; Mokhtar, Zid; Permission to reuse the abstract has been secured from the Publisher.
Water Pipeline Monitoring System (WPMS) is extremely important considering the several pipeline damages and the various hydraulic failures that cause a critical water loss. In this context, Cognitive Water Distribution System integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technology, based on smart sensors, actuators and connected objects, with a reliable Big Data processing for smart and robust Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of pipelines. In this paper, we propose a cognitive IoT-based architecture where we used Apache Spark framework to maintain a real time processing of the large amount of collected data. This efficient processing of measured data and its correspondent calculated values simplify the transient simulations and leak detection and make it faster and easier. © 2018 IEEE.
Comparative analysis of activation functions in neural networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Kamalov, Firuz; Nazir, Amril; Safaraliev, Murodbek; Cherukuri, Aswani Kumar; Zgheib, Rita
Although the impact of activations on the accuracy of neural networks has been covered in the literature, there is little discussion about the relationship between the activations and the geometry of neural network model. In this paper, we examine the effects of various activation functions on the geometry of the model within the feature space. In particular, we investigate the relationship between the activations in the hidden and output layers, the geometry of the trained neural network model, and the model performance. We present visualizations of the trained neural network models to help researchers better understand and intuit the effects of activation functions on the models. © 2021 IEEE.
A comparative analysis of BLE and 6LoWPAN for U-HealthCare applications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2013) Tabish, Rohan; Mnaouer, Adel Ben; Touati, Farid; Ghaleb, Abdulaziz M.
For decades, there exist a variety of low-power wireless technologies deployed for healthcare applications such as Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4, Bluetooth, ANT, NFC, IrDA. However, the recently announced Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology claims to offer many new compelling features and is expected to get wide adoption by many mobile manufacturers around the world and hence be included in daily life mobile devices. Therefore, it is important to provide future adopters with a thorough yet insightful evaluation of this technology as contrasted to competing ones in the market today. In this paper, we present such evaluation from an experimental point of view as well as referring to technical specifications from manufacturers. The discussion is geared toward assessing the extent to which theses technologies can meet the stringent requirements for u-healthcare applicability. BLE and 6LoWPAN showed greater potentials for such applicability in terms of power demand, bit rate and latency. Nevertheless, BLE was found to be most robust to obstacles and was operable using single coin cell. © 2013 IEEE.
Comparative heat transfer analysis of γ - A l 2 O 3 - C 2 H 6 O 2 and γ - 2 O 3 - H 2 O electroconductive nanofluids in a saturated porous square cavity with Joule dissipation and heat source/sink effects
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022-07-01) Thirumalaisamy K.; Ramachandran, Sivaraj; Ramachandra Prasad V.; Anwar Bég O.; Leung, Ho-Hon; Kamalov, Firuz; Vajravelu K.
Inspired by the applications in electromagnetic nanomaterials processing in enclosures and hybrid fuel cell technologies, a mathematical model is presented to analyze the mixed convective flow of electrically conducting nanofluids (γ- A l 2 O 3 - H 2 O and γ- A l 2 O 3 - C 2 H 6 O 2) inside a square enclosure saturated with porous medium under an inclined magnetic field. The Tiwari-Das model, along with the viscosity, thermal conductivity, and effective Prandtl number correlations, is considered in this study. The impacts of Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and internal heat absorption/generation are taken into consideration. Strongly nonlinear conservation equations, which govern the heat transfer and momentum inside the cavity with associated initial and boundary conditions, are rendered dimensionless with appropriate transformations. The marker-and-cell technique is deployed to solve the non-dimensional initial-boundary value problem. Validations with a previous study are included. A detailed parametric study is carried out to evaluate the influences of the emerging parameters on the transport phenomena. When 5 % γ- A l 2 O 3 nanoparticles are suspended into H 2 O base-fluid, the average heat transfer rate of γ- A l 2 O 3 - H 2 O nanoliquid is increased by 25.63 % compared with the case where nanoparticles are absent. When 5 % γ- A l 2 O 3 nanoparticles are suspended into C 2 H 6 O 2 base-fluid, the average heat transfer rate of γ- A l 2 O 3 - C 2 H 6 O 2 nanofluid is increased by 43.20 % compared with the case where nanoparticles are absent. Furthermore, when the heat source is present, the average heat transfer rate of γ- A l 2 O 3 - C 2 H 6 O 2 nanofluid is 194.92 % higher than that in the case of γ- A l 2 O 3 - H 2 O nanofluid. © 2022 Author(s).
Comparative study of digital audio steganography techniques
(2012) Djebbar, Fatiha; Ayad, Beghdad; Meraim, Karim Abed; Hamam, Habib
The rapid spread in digital data usage in many real life applications have urged new and effective ways to ensure their security. Efficient secrecy can be achieved, at least in part, by implementing steganograhy techniques. Novel and versatile audio steganographic methods have been proposed. The goal of steganographic systems is to obtain secure and robust way to conceal high rate of secret data. We focus in this paper on digital audio steganography, which has emerged as a prominent source of data hiding across novel telecommunication technologies such as covered voice-over-IP, audio conferencing, etc. The multitude of steganographic criteria has led to a great diversity in these system design techniques. In this paper, we review current digital audio steganographic techniques and we evaluate their performance based on robustness, security and hiding capacity indicators. Another contribution of this paper is the provision of a robustness-based classification of steganographic models depending on their occurrence in the embedding process. A survey of major trends of audio steganography applications is also discussed in this paper. © 2012 Djebbar et al.; licensee Springer.

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