School of Architecture and Interior Design

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This community includes articles, book chapters, and conferences published by the School of Architecture and Interior Design faculty members.

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Evaluation of Decay on Historic Masonry Building Facades, Case Study; Deira and Bur Dubai
(International Masonry Society, 2014) Gunay, Serkan
As being one of the seven emirates that forms the United Arab Emirates since the year 1971, history of human settlements in the Arabian Peninsula dates back to mid 2000 BC. Apart from the archeological sites and tombs, starting from the 1800s, earliest settlements of the town of Dubai start to establish at the shorelines of the Gulf Region. Bur Dubai and Deira are the areas that you can still find the edifices from these times. Being a port town, Dubai starts to expand through Dubai Creek as the trade between Iran and sub-continent India improves during the early 1900s. Most of the remaining historic buildings were built during this period as residences of merchant families. These traditional residential buildings [1], mostly built with locally available coral stone, still sets a good example of such architecture with their courtyards, “Majlis” areas, Barjeels (wind tower) and gypsum decorated gates. Dubai Municipality Architectural Heritage Department has been restoring these historic buildings since the year 1991. Although the buildings relatively newly renovated, material decay on the facades are visible and needs sustainable maintenance. This paper aims to document and evaluate the material decay on historic building facades in Deira and Bur Dubai region of Dubai, based on the site studies during 2011 and 2012.
Infrared imaging as a means of analyzing and improving energy eficiency of building envelopes : the case of a LEED Gold Building
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Ali, Taileb; Dekkiche, Hamoud
Today many designers claim that they are engineering green or LEED certified buildings. LEED is an evaluation system that rates how sensitive buildings are to the environment and the objective of LEED is to reduce emissions through development of highly efficient mechanical systems, designing of durable and efficient wall systems and by providing additional thickness to insulation. Unfortunately currently there are many cases where these wall systems and insulations are supported by thin steel studs, which are highly conductive of energy and are 400 times more conductive than wood. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of thermal bridging in a LEED certified building. Thermal bridging is a major source of heat loss through studs and wall systems in many buildings worldwide. The investigated building is Gold certified building built in 2011 located in Toronto, Canada. The exterior walls consist of a copper and brick cladding and steel studs. Using thermal imaging, as a non-destructive testing method, this research investigates and identifies the location of thermal bridging. This study recommends how to integrate infrared imaging into the LEED certification process and how to improve the future design of efficient wall systems. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Zero energy homes
(Springer, 2016) Aelenei, Laura; Frattari, Antonio; Riscala, Laurent; Altan, Hasim; Hashemi, Arman; Aoul, Kheira Anisa Tabet; Noguchi, Masa
In the last 50 years a fifth of the planet’s inhabitants had a strong development that deeply changed their habits and their life quality. For this enhancement, the people of the developed areas paid a high price. A large use of energy, produced from non-renewable sources as fossil fuels, increased the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere with several problems and a huge impact on the nature. As a consequence, there is a need to rethink the design of buildings, cities and their organizations. The challenge for the new sustainable cities is to grow according to the lifestyles of today and tomorrow, while implementing a better relation between the nature and the mankind and restoring the lost human contacts. An option for doing this is to design and develop Zero Energy Homes (ZEH) reducing to the minimum the impact of pollution and the exploitation of non-renewable sources. In particular, the following aspects should be considered: to use of renewable and recycled materials; to improve the energy efficiency of buildings; to introduce more efficient energy systems that use alternative and clean sources; and to introduce building automation systems (to optimize the energy consumption). In this lecture the following topics will be presented: definition of ZEH, including a review of definitions, parameters influencing the definition and examples, criteria to build or refurbish to a ZEH standard and some questions and examples related with the design, construction and operation of new Zero Carbon Homes. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
The deterioration of environmental and life quality parameters in Iraq since the 2003 American occupation of Iraq
(Intellect Ltd., 2016) Al-Azzawi, Souad N.
The environment and overall life quality indicators found in Iraq have suffered a great deal of degradation since the 2003 Anglo-American occupation. The invading armed forces used varying conventional and unconventional illegal weapons, such as Napalm, cluster bombs, white phosphorous, microwave and Depleted Uranium (DU) munitions against the human population and the environment. DU is a by-product, or the radioactive waste, usually generated from the uranium enrichment process to produce spent fuel for the nuclear reactors. DU is a radioactive and toxic substance that imposes serious health hazards to human beings as will be explained in the other section of this article. The use of such weaponry and the destruction of infrastructure (i.e., portable water, electricity, the health care system, and the lack of security) have led to an estimated death toll of more than one million people since 2003 and the numbers continue to rise. Radioactive ‘DU’ was deployed during the invasion in crowded, heavily populated cities, such as Baghdad, Ramadi and Fallujah. It was also used in areas in southern Iraq like Basra, where it was deployed in 1991. Published scientific studies and evidence indicate that ‘DU’-related radioactive contamination increases the risk and incidence of cancer, congenital birth defects, and other diseases. Medical records and epidemiological studies in Iraq have proven that the use of DU led to the multifold increase of cancer and congenital birth defects. Collapse of environmental protection systems immediately after the invasion exposed the population and ecology to dangerous risk levels that have been a threat to people’s health, livelihood and security. It has also resulted in inefficiency in the performance of the new environmental protection staff members, along with corruption, a lack of transparency, as well as the other related obstacles that have been preventing the implementation of any effective actions that might lead to resolving environmental problems over the last thirteen years. Today, Iraq is suffering from critical environmental issues that need to be urgently resolved – issues such as the scarcity of potable water, desertification and land degradation, air pollution including dust storms with toxic metals, sites contaminated with hazardous waste, and impairment of the natural flow of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Additionally, the construction and operation of the Keban and Atatürk dams in Turkey during the last three decades has contained annual flooding downstream and prevented the river’s large discharges from reaching Iraq. This, with other GAP waterway projects in Turkey, are the real reason behind the gradual drying up of the Iraqi marshlands in addition to water quantity and quality problems. These add to the challenges facing environmental protection efforts, beyond the DU contamination issue. In this article, many different aspects of environmental deterioration found in Iraq will be identified and analysed, with their impacts on the quality of Iraqi life parameters presented, with emphasis on the issue of contamination by DU. © 2016 Intellect Ltd Article.
The importance of integrating LCA into the LEED rating system
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Dekkiche, Hamoud; Taileb, Ali
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a rating system that rates green buildings; LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is a tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of building materials. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of integrating LCA into LEED to enhance its rating system. The LEED Gold building presented in this research is the Centennial College Progress Campus located in Toronto, Canada. Using ATHENA® Impact Estimator version 4.5 to conduct the LCA, this study analyses how different building envelope solutions and building materials affect the results of the environmental assessment of a whole building over the building's life cycle of 60, 80 and 120 years. Environmental impact assessment of LEED buildings is discussed, further research topics are suggested; for example how to develop specific LCA software tools and integrate them into LCA analysis for green building rating system. © 2016 The Authors.
Clustering Countries According to Their Cultural Proximity and Similarity
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2017) Dankert, Angelika C.; Dekkiche, Hamoud; Baadel, Said; Kabene, Stefane M.
Clustering countries mathematically according to Geert Hofstede’s cultural proximity and similarity factors is one way of classifying regional communities into well-defined cultural categories. Trying to test this statement mathematically shows that classifying countries or cultures remains complex. The approach shows a lack of an overall scheme and even when common variables exist, it seems that random and coincidental similarity weighs strongly on most variables used in the model. The results emphasize the need for more research in order to support the model. © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
3D visualization of a timber frame historic building : Partite usage and its impact on the structural system
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2017) Gunay, Serkan
Throughout their lifetime, historic buildings might be altered for different kind of usage for different purposes. If this new function or new usage requires utilization of the building in separate units, this separation might affect the historic building's functionality and structure and as a result its overall condition. Yorguc Pasa Mansion conservation project was prepared as a part of the Middle East Technical University (METU) Master's Program in Documentation and Conservation of Historic Monuments and Sites for the historic Yorguc Pasa Mansion. The mansion is a 19th century Ottoman Period timber frame building in Amasya, a Black Sea Region city in Turkey that has traces from different civilizations such as Hittites, Greeks, Romans and Ottomans. This paper aims to discuss the affects of the partite usage on structural conditions of timber frame buildings with the case study of Amasya Yorguc Pasa Mansion through the 3D visualized structural systems. © Authors 2017. CC BY 4.0 License.
Children's cognitive perception of their neighborhood : reading the cognitive maps of children from Al-Wihdat Palestinian Refugee Camp in Amman, Jordan
(University of Akron, 2018) Al-Khalaileh, Eyyad
In urban spaces, children constitute a major segment of those growing up there, and children illustrate their ideas on the cities they live in, how they perceive their neighborhoods as users of the urban environment. Their drawings can be seen as and interpreted as cognitive maps, and can serve as an important source for today's urban designers, architects, educators, and government officials. The cognitive maps of children are not only some visual productions but are also imbued with the realties and objects of everyday life, like an organically designed textile. There is a relative lack of studies on the children's relationship with their particular urban space and its range of elements. This study seeks in part to address that knowledge gap. Although reading cognitive drawings is, in fact, a psychological subject, as they contain cognitive perception of the space they engage with and are related to the external world, they are particularly of interest for the planners and designers creating and seeking to change and better that environment. Based on what the drawings display, what needs that human-focused urban design suggests as reflected in children's cognitie mapping will be interpreted in the scope of this study. The material for this research has been extracted from my 2004 doctoral dissertation and constitutes one of a series of four related papers in progress discussing children's outdoor environment using four different methodological approaches. This paper investigates and seeks to interpret the drawings of their environment by a selected number of students 10-14 years old from Al-Whidat Palestinian refugee camp in Amman, Jordan, their cognitive perception of that living environment and the unhealthy chaotic aspects of the city. © 2018 Geo Publishing, Toronto Canada.
Geometries
(Lifelong Learning EU, 2019-02-01) Spiridonidis, Constantin Victor
Geometry as a discipline related to forms and their order, in the intellectual tectonics of Architecture? What is its contribution, its position? Does Geometry affect this 'archi-tecture' by enriching its contents with notions and meanings or, on the contrary, does it affect it by eliminating or restricting its potential formal configurations? Is this diachronic symbiosis with Architecture dynamic, inspirational, instrumental, deliberative, imposing? Does Geometry act as a framework to create an enclosure or does it constitute an escape room from the ordinary, the established, the regular, the 'out of the comfort zone', and to investigate in freedom the new normal, the innovative, the original or, at least, the different and the better? Architecture is addressed to Geometry with entirely different demands in time. We could, therefore, suggest that there are many versions of Geometry affiliated with architecture, that is to say, many Geometries. This essay examines the role of Geometry in architectural thinking and practice in three major periods of architectural development. The first is the period in which the focal point of architectural thinking is the cosmic and the divine, (from the antiquity till about the 13th Century) where Geometry is that of the Master Builder. The second is the era of humanism, where the central preoccupation of Architecture is the human (from the Renaissance to the late 20th Century), and Geometry is that of visual perception. The third is the emerging era of the post-human, where the main focus of Architecture becomes 'Gaia,' the Planet as an alive ecology that emerges from the symbiosis between the natural and the artificial, and Geometry is that of data. © 2019 Lifelong Learning EU.
Architectural Interregnums
(Lifelong Learning EU, 2020-02) Spiridonidis, Constantin Victor; Vogiatzaki, Maria
Architectural design has always been the laboratory where experimentation with ideas about the newness, and elaboration of forms and spatial arrangements take place towards architectural creations. Prefixes such as post-, de-, re-, neo-, appear as typical signifiers of the spirit of novelty representing the different shifts that shape the history of architecture and could be broadly summarized by the term ‘meta’. Even if ‘meta’ is a kind of ontological reference to newness, implying its definition with what preceded, it always remains polysemic and, for this reason, ambivalent. Design is acting between the existing and the (be)coming, the established and the expected, the familiar and the xenon, the antipathy and the empathy. It is driven by the quest for a ‘meta’, known (or not) that since its appearance, it will lose its newness and will become commonplace. What type of novelty does it put forward through its creations in the contemporary interregnum? What are the primary formal or material traits that can attribute that identity to the new that can clearly distinguish it from the old? The paradox we are confronted with nowadays is that despite the unprecedentedly fast pace of changes happening in the sphere of the intellect, the sciences, technology, and the geopolitics of the globalized world, there are no apparent signs of novelty in contemporary architectural production. © 2020,ArchiDOCT All Rights Recerveds
Research on online advertising attention evaluation decision based on the stability of delay differential equations and Hopf bifurcation analysis
(American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2021) Xie, Xinzhou; Wang, Zhongru; Tian, Li; Dekkiche, Hamoud; Salama, Mohamad
This paper uses the stability of the delay differential equation to study its impact on online advertising, helps analyze Hopf branch characteristics in a big data environment, helps companies make online advertising decisions, and maximizes the benefits of product sales. The thesis fully considers various factors such as advertising volume, advertising schedule, and advertising investment level, discusses the singularity types of the advertising delay differential equation, and gives the best decision for advertising investment.The stability of the time-lag differential equation studied in this paper is to study its impact on online advertising, to help analyze the Hopf branch characteristics in the big data environment, and to help companies make online advertising decisions. structure of this article is also from the amount of advertising, the time of advertising, Advertising investment level gradually expands with a certain degree of continuity. © 2021 American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Cognitive Computational Model Using Machine Learning Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence Environment
(Sciendo, 2022) Liu, Shangyi; Spiridonidis, Constantin-Viktor; Abdulrazzqa, Mohammed; Liu, Shangyi; Spiridonidis, Constantin-Viktor; Abdulrazzqa, Mohammed
In order to explore the application of machine learning algorithm to intelligent analysis of big data in an artificial intelligence (AI) environment, make cognitive computing meet the requirements of AI and better assist humans to carry out data analysis, first, the theoretical basis of machine learning algorithm is elaborated. Then, a cognitive computational model based on the machine learning algorithm is proposed, including the essence, principle, function, training method of deep belief network (DBN) algorithm, as well as the joint use of DBN algorithm and multilayer perceptron. Finally, the proposed algorithm is simulated. The results show that under the same parameter conditions, the accuracy rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is higher than that of the DBN algorithm; when the number of units is >40, the accuracy rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is significantly higher than that of the DBN algorithm; when the number of units is 30, the best effect can be obtained, and the error rate is <0.05, but the DBN algorithm cannot achieve this effect alone; when the number of network layers is specified as four, the error rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is <0.05, forming the optimal level. In the AI environment, the performance of the cognitive computational model based on the DBN algorithm and multilayer perceptron can reach the highest level, which makes the computer become a handy intelligent auxiliary tool for human beings. © 2021 Liu et al., published by Sciendo.
The art design of industrialised manufacturing furniture products based on the simulation of mathematical curves
(Sciendo, 2022-01-01) Qin, Yue; Wang, Chao; Suresh, Mini; Ali, Basel Jamal
After a lot of literature reading and practical research, the paper uses the parametric modelling method of curve simulation characteristic line to establish the mathematical model of the furniture product leg shape. This article first uses the surface construction method to analyse the composition of the leg size of the industrialised production and manufacture of furniture products, and makes the solid modelling according to the construction method of non-uniform rational spline mathematical curve and surface simulation. At the same time, the parameter function of furniture leg type is set on SolidWorks, and the research results obtained in the paper are found by simulation, which opens up a new research path for the application of mathematical curve model in furniture design. © 2021 Yue Qin et al., published by Sciendo 2021.
Virtual reality for lost architectural heritage visualization utilizing limited data
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2022-02-25) Gunay, Serkan
The process of building digital models of architectural heritage has become increasingly complex and accordingly this enables the potential of utilizing digital techniques as a tool in the context of research. Depending on the objective of the research, there are various tools and outcomes. Ranging from information management projects by using Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technologies, to providing Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) by using smart technologies for visualization of architectural heritage, there is an increasing demand because of their fast developing technological abilities. Additionally, the digitization processes also becoming less dependent to the information coming from the building and as a result the subject of such research includes buildings that have disappeared without various archival data or other types of historical information. This paper investigates the different visualization techniques and tools for lost architectural heritage examples in postconflict societies with limited available data, focusing on the VR mobile applications and their implementations. © 2022 Author(s).
Acoustics of a traditional dwelling and music of Jordan
(Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Vostoksibacademcenter, 2023) Alshurman, Ali Salem; Qaqish, Raed
The ancient culture of Jordan developed against the background of a peculiar climate and landscape, which determined the features of the traditional Jordanian dwelling. The design of the house and the choice of materials reveal a connection with the musical traditions of Jordan. The musical genre of folk song-story and the sound of folk musical instruments are supported by the sound–absorbing properties of traditional building materials – felt, woolen fabrics, adobe. The cave dwelling, also typical of Jordan, has not been studied enough from the point of view of acoustics. © 2023 Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Vostoksibacademcenter. All rights reserved.
Sustainable Buildings: A Choice, or a Must for Our Future?
(MDPI, 2023-03) Khiati, Seif; Belarbi, Rafik; Yahia, Ammar
Investigation of eco-friendly and economic shape-stabilized composites for building walls and thermal comfort
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-03-01) Sawadogo, Mohamed; Godin, Alexandre; Duquesne, Marie; Lacroix, Elodie; Veillère, Amélie; Hamami, Ameur El Amine; Belarbi, Rafik
Multiscale investigation of self-consolidating earthen materials using a novel concrete-equivalent mortar approach
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-03-17) Kohandelnia, Mojtaba; Hosseinpoor, Masoud; Yahia, Ammar; Belarbi, Rafik
Proper Generalized Decomposition using Taylor expansion for non-linear diffusion equations
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-06) Deeb, Ahmad; Kalaoun, Omar; Belarbi, Rafik
New insight on rheology of self-consolidating earth concrete (SCEC)
(Powder Technology, 2023-06-15) Kohandelnia, Mojtaba; Hosseinpoor, Masoud; Yahia, Ammar; Belarbi, Rafik

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