Department of Environmental Health Sciences
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Item Impact of education on interdental cleaning behaviour based on the transtheoretical model(Quintessence Publishing Co., Ltd., 2012) Hashemian, Masomeh; Fallahi, Arezoo; Tavakoli, Golaleh; Zarezadeh, Yadolah; Babaki, B. Nemat Shahr; Rahaei, ZohrehPurpose: To determine the impact of education on stages of change of behaviour in Iranian senior high school students for interdental cleaning based on the transtheoretical model. Materials and Methods: This experimental study took place from April to November 2010. 306 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling and placed into two groups: control (153 students) and intervention (153 students). Appropriate instruments and the intervention programme were designed with the purpose of improving stages of interdental cleaning behaviour, perceived benefits and self-efficacy, as well as reducing perceived barriers and gingival index (GI). The impact of the intervention programme was assessed after 24 weeks and the GI of each student was recorded for both groups before and after intervention. The data were analysed using SPSS software and the chi-square, t test, ANOVA, paired t test, Mann-Whitney U-test and sign test. Results: The intervention had a significant, positive impact on improvement of the stages of interdental cleaning behaviour, increase in self-efficacy, perceived benefits, decrease in perceived barriers and improvement of GI (P < 0.001). After the intervention, the average grades of self-efficacy, perceived barriers and perceived benefits in the control group vs the intervention group were significantly different (P < 0.001 to 0.01). Conclusion: The programme was found to positively influence the stages of change and potential indicators of interdental cleaning behaviour and GI. It is suggested that this model be used for interventions in the other population groups.Item Critical care nurses' reasons for working or not working overtime(American Association of Critical Care Nurses, 2018) Lobo, Vanessa M.; Ploeg, Jenny; Fisher, Anita L.; Peachey, Gladys; Akhtar-Danesh, NooriBACKGROUND Around the world, registered nurses are working increasing amounts of overtime. This is particularly true in critical care environments, which experience unpredictable fluctuations in patient volume and acuity, combined with a need for more specialized nurses. OBJECTIVE To explore critical care nurses' reasons for working or not working overtime. METHODS A semistructured interview guide was used to interview 28 frontline nurses from 11 critical care units in Ontario, Canada. Analysis was guided by Thorne's interpretive description methodology. RESULTS Participants' reasons for working overtime included (1) financial gain (96% of participants); (2) helping and being with colleagues (68%); (3) continuity for nurses and patients (39%); and (4) accelerated career development (39%). Their reasons for not working overtime were (1) feeling tired and tired of being at work (50%); (2) having established plans (71%); and (3) not receiving enough notice (61%). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide important variations and extension of existing literature on the topic, and appear to be the first reported in Canadian critical care units. Additional research is required to understand administrative decision-making processes that lead to the use of overtime. © 2018 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.Item Shisha - the hazardous pastime : microbial investigation of Shisha apparatus in public cafés in the UAE(Malaysian Public Health Physicians Association, 2018) Alfoteih, Yassen; Azizi, Saeid; Khajehkarimoddini, Laleh; Jaber, Zelal; Abdullah, SalimbabuThis study aims to examine the risk of bacterial and fungal transmission through frequent or repeated usage of the same water pipe by different smokers in public café shops. A total of 110 samples were extracted from different parts of used shisha apparatuses. These samples were collected from different cafes in seven cities in the UAE in the time period between Nov. 2016 and Feb. 2017. In all 110 samples, the bacterial and fungal strains were examined at Canadian university Dubai laboratories using standard protocols for culturing, isolating and identifying microorganisms. Later on, the samples were sent to Iranian hospital Dubai to examine the resistance of isolated bacteria to common antibiotics. Statistical analysis was conducted using quantitative data analysis and figures were expressed in percentage for clearer conclusion. Five bacterial strains were detected which are; Pseudomonas putida; Staphylococcus saprophyticus; Micrococcus luteus; Bacillus cereus and Providencia alcalifaciens (See table 2). One of the most important findings of the current study is the isolated bacteria Staphylococcus saprophyticus which showed methicillin resistance. Shisha smoking is a public health issue and could be a carrier of pathogens for smokers. There is a need for further assessments to address the impact of the sharp increase of Shisha smoking among specific populations especially in the Gulf countries (GCC) and among the female segment of society. © Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2018.Item Antifungal activity of some indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from soft wheat(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2018) Djaaboub, Serra; Abdallah, Moussaoui; Meddah, Boumedien; Makhloufi, Souad; Gouri, Saif; El Khatib, RamiThe objective of this study was to find an alternative to chemical control of pathogenic fungi in wheat, using microorganisms that are safe and that can be isolated from the same biotopes of the pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from soft wheat grains were screened for their antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum Schwab, Aspergillus flavus Link and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, using two techniques (overlay and co-culture) on De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar. The overlay method showed that out of forty-six lactic acid bacteria, five isolates showed an inhibition of radial growth range from 1% to 73.89%. According to the co-culture method, the most efficient biological agent for wheat mold growth isolate was LAB001 with an average rate of inhibition of 31.18% against A. flavus, 42.26% against A. parasiticus and 55.53% against F. graminearum. Lactic acid bacteria LAB001 was identified as Enterococcus faecium with 99.6% of similarity. E. faecium LAB001 can be considered as promising isolate for the biocontrol of pathogenic molds in small grain cereals. © 2018 Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. All rights reserved.Item Testing the level of awareness on testicular cancer among the UAE residents(Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2018-04) Topolskaya, Elizabeth; Ghani, Iqra; D'Silva, Jessica; Abdulwahab, Abdulrahman; AlAbayechi, Siraj; El Khatib, RamiThis research article presents a quantitative study conducted in the UAE in efforts to test the level of awareness regarding general knowledge on testicular cancer (TC) and self-examination practices among male and female residents. The determined level of understanding will help tailor the educational campaigns in order to provide information specific to the public need. The survey focused on 529 UAE residents, prioritizing males (71%) above females (29%). Less than 25% correctly identifies the age group, which has the highest risk of developing TC. Only approximately 30% of participants chose correct risk factors for developing TC. Furthermore, almost 50% of the surveyed individuals thought of lack of sexual function as a symptom of spread TC, which could create a fear barrier towards contacting health professionals in case of any concerns. Lastly, the results revealed that nearly half of male respondents either never or rarely self-examined. Our study suggested that the general public in the region currently possesses little information regarding the symptoms, risk groups and self-examination practices; thus, showcasing the necessity of educational campaigns targeted at improving levels of awareness. Using some of the recommendations we highlight as a means to address the current situation. © 2018, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.Item Potential dangers of nursing overtime in critical care(NLM (Medline), 2018-09-01) D'Sa, Vanessa M.; Ploeg, Jenny; Fisher, Anita L.; Akhtar-Danesh, Noori; Peachey, GladysAround the world, registered nurses are working increasing amounts of overtime. This is particularly true in critical care environments, which experience unpredictable fluctuations in patient volume and acuity combined with a need for greater numbers of specialized nurses. Although it is commonplace, little consensus exists surrounding the effects of overtime on nursing sick time and patient outcomes. Using data from 11 different critical care units nestled within three major academic health science centres in Southern Ontario, a multilevel-model Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between nursing overtime and nursing sick time, patient mortality and patient infection incidents. Most significantly, for every 10 hours of nursing overtime worked, study findings revealed an associated 3.3-hour increase in nursing sick time. Because of the potential cost and patient care ramifications, hospitals and nurse managers are encouraged to track collective and individual paid and unpaid hours to impose appropriate limits and ensure accountability. Further qualitative research should be commissioned to explore the underlying reasons for these findings and diversify the settings and, in turn, wider application. Copyright © 2018 Longwoods Publishing.Item Resource partitioning and hospital specialization(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2019) Okasha, AhmadBackground: Organizational scholars have been debating over specialism and generalism, and which environment is better for specialists and for generalists. Methods: This study relies heavily on the work of Okasha (Okasha, 1995, Modeling the determinants of hospital services differentiation and specialization (Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond) and enhances it with available current literature on the topic. Okasha’s (Modeling the determinants of hospital services differentiation and specialization (Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond) study tested the use of resource partitioning theory to explain the conversion of generalists to specialists under competitive environments. Results: The anticipated effect of buyers of care on hospital specialization was evident. Recent work on specialization (Eastaugh, 2014, Journal of Healthcare Finance) confirmed the trend. Conclusion: Buyer-related factors and organizational factors were the most important predictors of the positive change in hospital specialization between 1987 and 1993. High competition, the increased pressure from buyers of care, and organizational factors were the most important predictors of the positive change in the hospital specialization measures during that time period. © 2019 Indian Institute of Health Management Research.Item The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the nurses in Dubai : occupational health study(World Informations Syndicate, 2019) Amina, Naushad; Zenah, Alsaraeji; Yvonne, Ruhumbika; Ubong, Isong Edidong; Yassen, AlfoteihThe purpose of this research is to explore the risk factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among nurses in Dubai. The research was done among nurses in Dubai’s two famous hospitals – Iranian Hospital and Burjeel Hospital for Advanced Surgery. After approvals were obtained, questionnaires with attached consent forms were randomly distributed among nurses from different wards according to their availability. In this study, a total of 100 responses from nurses working in Dubai were analyzed using validated questionnaire forms. Questions focused on the percentage of nurses suffering from MSDs, risk factors perceived by nurses, and whether medical attention was sought following the development of MSDs. The results of our study showed that female nurses were more affected than male nurses. Most nurses were young (between 28 and 35 years of age) with few years of work experience. Positive responses of having developed MSDs were largely from nurses in the surgical ward. The body sites most affected were found to be the back (~44%), feet (~18%), neck and shoulder (~18%). In addition, the majority of nurses reported physical ergonomic factors as the main cause for their MSDs. These findings are especially important in the region, as very few studies have been published in this field. They also give a new perspective to the work handled by nurses and help ‘voice’ their problems as a call for action to nurses, hospitals, and the government itself. © 2019, World Informations Syndicate. All rights reserved.Item The phylogenetic range of bacterial and viral pathogens of vertebrates(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020-09-01) Shaw, Liam P.; Wang, Alethea D.; Dylus, David; Meier, Magda; Pogacnik, Grega; Dessimoz, Christophe; Balloux, FrançoisMany major human pathogens are multihost pathogens, able to infect other vertebrate species. Describing the general patterns of host–pathogen associations across pathogen taxa is therefore important to understand risk factors for human disease emergence. However, there is a lack of comprehensive curated databases for this purpose, with most previous efforts focusing on viruses. Here, we report the largest manually compiled host–pathogen association database, covering 2,595 bacteria and viruses infecting 2,656 vertebrate hosts. We also build a tree for host species using nine mitochondrial genes, giving a quantitative measure of the phylogenetic similarity of hosts. We find that the majority of bacteria and viruses are specialists infecting only a single host species, with bacteria having a significantly higher proportion of specialists compared to viruses. Conversely, multihost viruses have a more restricted host range than multihost bacteria. We perform multiple analyses of factors associated with pathogen richness per host species and the pathogen traits associated with greater host range and zoonotic potential. We show that factors previously identified as important for zoonotic potential in viruses—such as phylogenetic range, research effort, and being vector-borne—are also predictive in bacteria. We find that the fraction of pathogens shared between two hosts decreases with the phylogenetic distance between them. Our results suggest that host phylogenetic similarity is the primary factor for host-switching in pathogens. © 2020 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons LtdItem Data mining in the time of COVID-19(PalArch Foundation, 2020-12-11) Okasha, Ahmad; Kamalov, Firuz; Hamidi, Samer; Roberts, Claire; Abdulnasir, SafaHealthcare organizations, like other organizations, are facing a major global challenge. In a recent Mckinsey survey (From “wartime” to “peacetime”: Five stages for healthcare institutions in the battle against COVID-19, 2020), many consumers indicated that the COVID 19 pandemic has the most significant challenge on their economic and social lives in the last 100 years. Being patient centric rather than reactive is one of the ways to succeed in this uncertain environment. Being patient centric means to identify the needs of patients and design specific programs to address their needs whether they are financial, personal, or clinical. COVID-19 accelerated utilizing data and online applications. Many healthcare organizations have access to consumer related data. Data mining capabilities provide health care organizations with the ability to extract hidden predictive information from large databases. The paper surveyed hospital Chief Information Officers (CIO), health information managers, and healthcare managers to find out measure awareness of data mining applications in healthcare and to determine the use and reason for data mining applications in healthcare. The results indicate that many healthcare organizations are aware of descriptive and simple data mining tools. For more sophisticated data mining tools, most healthcare organization managers in the Middle East as expected are not aware of them. When it comes to using data mining as an application for disease diagnoses, marketing, and education simulation, many healthcare managers indicate that they are already using data mining in these areas. © 2020 Ahmad Okash, Firuz Kamalov, Samer Hamidi, Claire Roberts, Safa AbdulnasirItem Establishment of differential model of recovery treatment for children with minor brain injury and mental disorder syndrome(American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2021) Zhang, Wei; Ma, Ai; Takshe, Aseel; Muwafak, Bishr MuhamedThe paper established a differential equation model for 194 children with ADHD in outpatient clinics from September 2019 to August 2020 and compiled a children's clinical diagnostic interview scale based on the fourth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The CDIS standard divides it into three phenotypes: attention deficit predominant (ADHD-I), hyperactivity-impulsive predominance (ADHD-HI) and mixed (ADHD-C). The results of the study showed that the distribution of subtypes in the study cases: ADHD-I accounted for 45.9% (89 cases), ADHD-HI accounted for 7.7% (15 cases), ADHD-C accounted for 46.4% (90 cases); ADHD-C: ADHD-I is 1:1. CDIS scale total score: 194 cases of attention deficit symptoms were (7.2 ± 1.4) points, and hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms were (5.4 ± 2.2) points. The frequency of attention deficit symptoms in 194 cases was (79.5 ± 2.9) %, and the frequency of hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms was (59.8 ± 3.5) %. Therefore, it can be concluded that DSM-IV defines three phenotypes in this sample. The proportion of ADHD-HI is low, and the proportion of ADHD-I and ADHD-C is similar; age influences the phenotype distribution. ©2021 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.Item An Initial Reading into the UAE’s Food Security Response During COVID-19(PalArch Foundation, 2021) Takshe, Aseel A.; Lyra, Dionysia Angeliki; Alkhani, Faisal; Mendoza, Nicholas; Talli, MahaThe following report is a desk study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security within the United Arab Emirates. It focuses on highlighting the status of food security, and its 4 pillars, within the UAE, before COVID-19. Furthermore, it talks about the impacts and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food security pillars of access, availability, utilization, and stability. The study has shown that despite local and international movement restrictions, major job losses, trade restrictions, and travel bans, that the UAE is still able to provide ample, nutritious food for its community to access. Additionally, they have invested in local food security by way of new Agri-tech solutions such as smart greenhouses, AI-controlled food-growing environments, and vertical farming. Moreover, by increasing focus on local food and water production to further bolster their food sources and prepare them for any future food security related issues and challenges. This study also compares the UAE and its response to COVID-19 towards similar countries such as Singapore and other GCC countries. The report concludes that increasing local food production, investment in the Agri-tech sector, increasing local food storage capacity, optimizing coastal and inland farming practices, diversification and strengthening of international partners, and acquisition of international agricultural land, will help the UAE bolster its strength, in terms of food security and stabilizing food resources, for the community in the future to come.Item 24-epibrasinolide modulates the vase life of lisianthus cut flowers by modulating acc oxidase enzyme activity and physiological responses(MDPI AG, 2021-05) Darvish, Mohammad; Shirzad, Habib; Asghari, Mohammadreza; Noruzi, Parviz; Alirezalu, Abolfazl; Pateiro, Mirian; Takshe, Aseel A.; Lorenzo, José ManuelEthylene is the most important factor playing roles in senescence and deterioration of harvested crops including cut flowers. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as natural phytohormones, have been reported to differently modulate ethylene production and related senescence processes in different crops. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on ACC oxidase enzyme activity, the final enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis pathway, vase life, and senescence rate in lisianthus cut flowers. Harvested flowers were treated with EBL (at 0, 3, 6, and 9 µmol/L) and kept at 25◦C for 15 days. The ACC oxidase activity, water absorption, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and vase solution absorption rates, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and the vase life of the flowers were evaluated during and at the end of storage. EBL at 3 µmol/L significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the flower vase life by decreasing the ACC oxidase activity, MDA production and senescence rates, and enhancing chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, relative water content, and vase solution absorption rates. By increasing the concentration, EBL negatively affected the flower vase life and postharvest quality probably via enhancing the ACC oxidase enzyme activity and subsequent ethylene production. EBL at 6 and 9 µmol/L and in a concentration dependent manner, enhanced the ACC oxidase activity and MDA production rate and decreased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation and water absorption rate. The results indicate that the effects of brassinosteroids on ethylene production and physiology of lisianthus cut flowers is highly dose dependent. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item Prediction of epidemiological characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment using SIR mathematical model and effect of brain rehabilitation and health measurement system on cognitive function of patients(Elsevier B.V., 2021-06) Hu, Yanqun; Zhong, Wei; Cen, Yunguang; Han, Shuyan; Feng, Zhiyun; Zhang, Xuri; Li, Wei; Wang, Lanhua; Li, Bin; Issa, Sahar; Ismail, Ragab IbrahimThe purpose is to explore the prediction of epidemiological characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment based on susceptible infectious recovered and immune hosts (SIR) mathematical model and the effect of brain rehabilitation health measurement system on cognitive function of patients. SIR mathematical model was used to predict the epidemiological characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment (VCIND). Then, 60 patients with non dementia vascular cognitive impairment were randomly divided into training group and control group. Both groups were given conventional drug therapy and traditional rehabilitation training. The training group increased brain rehabilitation on this basis. Health measurement system cognitive training, 40 min/time, once a day, 5 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. A simple intelligent mental scale (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Barthel Index (BI), and myoelectric evoked potentiometer were used for cognitive function, daily life activity (ADL) ability, and P300 of two groups of patients. assessment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of brain rehabilitation health care measurement system-assisted cognitive training on cognitive function and event-related potential (ERP) P300 in patients with VCIND. The study found that the brain rehabilitation health care measurement system assisted cognitive training can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients with VCIND and their daily activities. © 2021 The AuthorsItem The ZigBee wireless information medical monitoring for bacterial infections using filter mathematical model(Elsevier B.V., 2021-06) Cao, Maocheng; Wang, Junjing; Wu, Chunfeng; Takshe, Aseel A.; Muwafak, Bishr Muhamedthe study drew attention to the application of ZigBee wireless sensor network system based on digital filter mathematical model in the post-chemotherapy monitoring of hematological tumor patients, and the diagnostic value of the average fluorescence intensity of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) for bacterial infections. In this study, 128 patients with hematological tumors who underwent chemotherapy in hospital were selected as the research subjects. The ZigBee wireless sensor network system based on digital filtering mathematical model was used to monitor the physiological indicators of patients in real time. The subjects were divided into the infected group and the non-infected group according to clinical characteristics and imaging examination results, and dynamic monitoring was performed on patients of long hospital stay but without fever. The two groups were compared for the average fluorescence intensity of neutrophils and the expression of C-reactive protein (CRP), and the ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) was used to judge the cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity of PCT, CRP, and nCD64. It was found that, under the ZigBee wireless sensor network system based on digital filtering mathematical model, the patient's ECG frequency of the mixed baseline drift was relatively low, and the system filtered through the 0.5 Hz sine shock chill superposition. The detection accuracy was high; the subgroups of the infection group (the increased group, the normal group, the decreased group, and the deficient group) showed higher nCD64 average fluorescence intensity versus the non-infection group (P < 0.05). Dynamic monitoring points 1 and 3 showed higher nCD64 average fluorescence intensity versus the control group, non-infection group, and dynamic monitoring point 2 (P < 0.05).The ROC curve revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of average fluorescence intensity of nCD64 (in the infection group and the dynamic monitoring group) were 90.4 and 86.7, 79.6 and 79.6, respectively, in the diagnosis of hematological tumor patients after chemotherapy, higher than PCT and CRP. It suggested that ZigBee wireless information medical monitoring based on digital filter mathematical model can effectively diagnose bacterial infections in patients with hematological tumors after chemotherapy, together with nCD64 average fluorescence intensity. © 2021 The Author(s)Item Effects of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma under continuous-discrete mixed mathematical model and comparison on the fungal and pathogen infection indexes before and after nutritional supplementation(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07) Li, Yi; Li, Xuan; Issa, Sahar; Omar, Khairi MohamedThe study aimed to explore the effects of radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients before and after nutritional supplementation, and the correlation between nutritional supplementation and infections, using continuous-discrete mixed mathematical model. Specifically, 398 NPC patients were selected based on information and health data. They all accepted radiation therapy, and enteral nutrition was provided through nasal feeding during the radiotherapy. Then, nutritional indicators, and infections were compared before and after nutritional supplementation. The results showed that, the radio-sensitivity coefficient and the age of tumor cells affected radiotherapy effects. After nutritional supplementation, the patient's Hemoglobin (Hb) was 139.26 ± 12.87 g/L, the serum albumin (ALB) was 45.65 ± 3.84 g/ L, the Lymphocyte (LYM) was 1.96 ± 0.68 (×109/L), and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was 26.12 ± 2.63 (kg/m2). Among them, Hb, LYM, and BMI were notably different from those before treatment (P < 0.05). After nutritional supplementation, the infection rates of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida, and actinomycetes were reduced to 26.09%, 17.39%, 9.78%, 5.43%, and 1.09%, respectively, showing notable differences (P < 0.05); the infection rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, pyogenic chain Coccus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus viridans were reduced to 15.27%, 12.21%, 3.82%, 6.11%, 0.76%, and 0.76%, respectively, showing notable differences (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the continuous-discrete mixed mathematical model can simulate the effects of radiotherapy on NPC patients. Nutritional supplementation during radiotherapy can reduce the infection rates, thus improving the prognosis of NPC patients. © 2021 The Author(s)Item Postoperative drug-resistant bacteria infection in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection under two-fluid numerical simulation model(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07) Zang, Sheng; Zhang, Yu; Xu, Jiarui; Du, Yaming; Issa, Sahar; Al Dulaimi, Saeed Hameed KurdiObjective: This study was to investigate the characteristics and related factors of postoperative drug-resistant bacteria infection (DRBI) in patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection (AD) (AAAD) based on a two-fluid numerical simulation model (TFNS model). Methods: 50 patients with AAAD admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to October 2020 were selected as the research objects. The patients were rolled into an infection group and a non-infection group according to whether DRBI occurred after surgery. There were 21 patients in the infected group and 29 patients in the non-infected group. The clinical data of the patients were collected, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative conditions. A TFNS model was constructed. The construction of vascular physical model could be completed by the construction of fluid area and solid area. The blood flows through the fluid area and the blood vessel wall was located in the solid area. The model was adopted to study the characteristics of DRBI. The data of the patients were analyzed to explore the relationship of the multi-DRBI to intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, invasive procedures, and use of antibiotics. In addition, the multi-factor postoperative multi-DRBI was performed with the regression analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the infected group and the non-infected group in antibiotics used such as cephalosporin, penicillin, glycopeptide, and quinolones (P > 0.05). The time spent on antibiotics was greatly lower in the infected group than in the non-infected group (P < 0.05). The ICU stay time in the infected group was 17.78 ± 11.55, and that in the non-infected group was 6.67 ± 4.36, without notable difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the time to transfer to the ICU, while there was one case infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae. The excessive plasma loss (odds ratio (OR) = 3.823, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.643–8.897), renal insufficiency (OR = 1.855, 95% CI = 1.076–3.199), ICU stay time (OR = 5.089, 95% CI = 1.507–17.187), indwelling time of nasal feeding tube (NFT) (OR = 3.225, 95% CI = 1.332–7.807), assisted ventilation (OR = 3.077, 95% CI = 1.640–5.773), tracheal intubation (OR = 5.078, 95% CI = 1.415–18.227), tracheotomy (OR = 0.073, 95% CI = 0.013–0.382), continuous renal replacement (CRR) therapy (OR = 0.111, 95% CI = 0.023–0.476), use time of antibiotics (OR = 1.089, 95% CI = 1.038–1.143) were independent risk factors for postoperative multi-DRBI. Conclusion: postoperative multi-DRBI was characterized by Acinetobacter baumannii infection with the largest proportion, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae; excessive plasma loss, renal insufficiency, ICU stay time, indwelling time of NFT, assisted ventilation, tracheal intubation, tracheotomy, CRR therapy, and use time of antibiotics were all independent risk factors of postoperative multi-DRBI. In the postoperative care of AAAD patients, the inducing factors had to be informed to the patient, and relative measures should be taken to prevention and treatment, which was conductive to reducing the incidence of infection and promote the recovery of AAAD. © 2021 The Author(s)Item Mathematical model under E-health context for diagnosis of head and neck space Gram infection through CT imaging(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07) Li, Lei; Shi, Shuguang; Miao, Zhongchang; Xu, Jian; Duan, Xinxiu; Okasha, Ahmad; Qeshta, Mohammed HalmiThe study aimed to investigate the head and neck space infection by Gram bacteria using mathematical model-based CT (computer tomography) under e-health (electronic health). Specifically, a total of 180 clinical patients with head and neck space infection were collected as the research subjects. CT/MRI examination was adopted to diagnose the disease. A mathematical model was then established to be applied in CT imaging. The cause and treatment effect were analyzed by summarizing the data, including basic information, bacterial culture, source and extent of infection, serious complications, and other factors. The results showed that the CT/MRI imaging based on the mathematical model can effectively diagnose the disease and assess the disease progress. There were more male patients than female patients with head and neck space infection, and more elderly patients than younger patients. A total of 42 patients had serious complications, accounting for 23.3% of the total patients. The most common one was descending mediastinitis, followed by respiratory obstruction, pneumonia, pericarditis, orbital infection, and multiple organ failure. There were many sources of infection in the head and neck space. The main cause was dental infection, and there were 137 cases, accounting for 76.1% of the total. Among them, odontogenic infections included tooth apical periodontitis, wisdom tooth pericoronitis, and periodontal disease. Other sources of infection included glandular infections, iatrogenic infections, and traumatic foreign bodies. The most common part affected by head and neck space infection was the submandibular space, and other parts included the masseter space, the cheek space, and the sublingual space. Severe complications of head and neck space infection were mainly inferior mediastinitis and respiratory obstruction. In the bacterial culture experiment, a total of 75 bacterial cultures of 180 patients were positive, and 62 strains of bacteria were cultured, including 11 kinds of gram-positive bacteria and 4 kinds of gram-negative bacteria. The main pathogens cultivated were Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In laboratory tests, the values of WBC and hs-CRP in patients with severe complications were significantly higher than those in patients with common head and neck space infection. Imipenem and ornidazole were the most commonly used antibiotics in the clinical treatment of patients with severe complications. In conclusion, head and neck space infection is a serious infectious disease that may be life-threatening and requires timely and effective treatment. © 2021 The Author(s)Item Application of PET/CT image under convolutional neural network model in postoperative pneumonia virus infection monitoring of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07) Wei, Jing; Zhu, Ronghua; Zhang, Huai; Li, Pingwei; Okasha, Ahmad; Muttar, Ahmed K.H.It was to study the adoption of positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) based on the convolutional neural networks (CNN) model in the monitoring of postoperative pneumonia virus infection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 120 patients with NSCLC were set as the research object. CNN model was constructed and applied to PET-CT images to identify lesions and screen tumor markers for detection. Then, the patients were randomly divided into group A (CT), group B (PET-CT), group C (PET-CT based on artificial neural network model), and group D (PET-CT diagnosis based on CNN model), 30 cases in each group, and infection surveillance was conducted. The result showed that the accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Sen), and specificity (Spe) of PET-CT image recognition based on the CNN model were 99.31%, 100%, and 98.31%, respectively. The proportion of serum neutrophils, white blood cell count, and PCT content in group D three days after operation were significantly lower than those in groups B, C, and A (P < 0.05). The proportions of patients with surgical wound infection and lung infection in group D were 6.54% and 15.38% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in groups B, C, and A (P < 0.05). The complication rates of patients in groups A, B, C, and D were 32.4%, 30.2%, 28.75, and 8.7%, respectively. The complication rate of patients in group D was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). In short, PET-CT images based on the CNN model had high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in monitoring postoperative pneumonia virus infection in NSCLC patients. Applying it to the patient's virus infection monitoring can effectively prevent the patient's lung and surgical wound infection and improve the patient's postoperative recovery effect. © 2021 The Author(s)Item Ultrasonic diagnosis of functional dyspepsia under adaptive partial differential denoising model and its relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07) Liu, Changming; Tan, Zhi; Yang, Jianqing; Zhang, Chan; Xu, Hongwei; Okasha, Ahmad; Arbab, Ahmed Mohamed HamadThis work was to study the relationship between functional dyspepsia (FD) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) based on the adaptive partial differential denoising model. The adaptive partial differential denoising model was adopted to analyze the ultrasound images, which was then utilized in the ultrasound diagnosis of FD after its related performance was evaluated. Fifty patients with gastrointestinal disease who came to our hospital were recruited and rolled into group A (HP positive) and group B (HP negative), and the clinical symptoms of the two groups were compared. The results showed that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the running time based on the adaptive partial differential denoising model were both superior to the total variation image restoration (TV) model, with statistical differences (P < 0.05). The PSNR of the partial differential denoising model was superior to that of the TV model, and the mean square error (MSE) was inferior to that of the TV model, both with considerable differences (P < 0.05). For the ultrasound manifestations of the stomach of FD patients, the number of dysfunctional patients in gastric emptying dyskinesias was the largest, accounting for 38%. The overall symptoms of FD patients and HP-infected patients were more severe than those of uninfected patients, especially the symptom of upper abdominal pain, and that in group A was remarkably higher than that of group B (P < 0.05). In summary, the quality of ultrasound images based on the adaptive partial differential denoising model was ideal, and the edge retention capability was strong. In addition, HP was an important factor in causing FD, among which upper abdominal pain was the most obvious. © 2021 The Authors
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