Browsing by Author "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi"
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Item Effects of home confinement on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in amateur and elite athletes(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Taheri, Morteza; Irandoust, Kadijeh; Reynoso-Sánchez, Luis Felipe; Muñoz-Helú, Hussein; Cruz-Morales, Karla Noelia; Torres-Ramírez, Raymundo; Mirmoezzi, Masoud; Youzbashi, Leila; Mirakhori, Fatemeh; Dergaa, Ismail; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose; Zazueta-Beltrán, Diana Korinna; Zouhal, Hassane; Morales-Beltrán, Roxana Abril; Soylu, Yusuf; Molgado-Sifuentes, Amairani; González-Hernández, Juan; Hernández-Cruz, Germán; Castro, Luis Bernardo Bojorquez; Kurt, Cem; Trabelsi, Khaled; Chtourou, Hamdi; Seghatoleslami, Ali; López-Camacho, Manuel Octavio; Mendoza-Baldenebro, Ramón Ernesto; Torabi, Farnaz; Saad, Helmi Ben; Washif, Jad Adrian; Strahler, Jana; Guimarães-Mataruna, Andressa Fontes; Lebaron, Tyler W.; Ezdini, Ebrahim Shaabani; Rezaei, Marjan Sadat; Moshtagh, Mozhgan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gülü, Mehmet; Esmaeili, Atefeh; Müller, Patrick; Ammar, Achraf; Scoditti, Egeria; Garbarino, Sergio; Puce, Luca; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Nobari, HadiIntroduction: Despite the progress in the management of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, it is necessary to continue exploring and explaining how this situation affected the athlete population around the world to improve their circumstances and reduce the negative impact of changes in their lifestyle conditions that were necessitated due to the pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating influence of physical activity (PA) and dietary habits on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic experience on sleep quality in elite and amateur athletes. Materials and methods: A total of 1,420 elite (40.1%) and amateur (59.9%) athletes (41% women; 59% men) from 14 different countries participated in a cross-sectional design study. Data were collected using a battery of questionnaires that identified sociodemographic data, sleep quality index, PA levels, dietary habits, and the athletes' perception of their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each variable. The analysis of variances and the correlation between variables were carried out with non-parametric statistics. A simple moderation effect was calculated to analyze the interaction between PA or dietary habits on the perception of the COVID-19 experience effect on sleep quality in elite and amateur athletes. Results: The PA level of elite athletes was higher than amateur athletes during COVID-19 (p < 0.001). However, the PA level of both categories of athletes was lower during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19 (p < 0.01). In addition, amateurs had a higher diet quality than elite athletes during the pandemic (p = 0.014). The perception of the COVID-19 experience as controllable was significantly higher (p = 0.020) among elite athletes. In addition, two moderating effects had significant interactions. For amateur athletes, the PA level moderated the effect of controllable COVID-19 experience on sleep quality [F(3,777) = 3.05; p = 0.028], while for elite athletes, the same effect was moderated by dietary habits [F(3,506) = 4.47, p = 0.004]. Conclusion: Elite athletes had different lifestyle behaviors compared to amateurs during the COVID-19 lockdown. Furthermore, the relevance of maintaining high levels of PA for amateurs and good quality dietary habits by elite athletes was noted by the moderating effect that both variables had on the influence of the controllable experience during the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality. Copyright © 2023 Taheri, Irandoust, Reynoso-Sánchez, Muñoz-Helú, Cruz-Morales, Torres-Ramírez, Mirmoezzi, Youzbashi, Mirakhori, Dergaa, Vancini, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Korinna Zazueta-Beltrán, Zouhal, Morales-Beltrán, Soylu, Molgado-Sifuentes, González-Hernández, Hernández-Cruz, Bojorquez Castro, Kurt, Trabelsi, Chtourou, Seghatoleslami, López-Camacho, Mendoza-Baldenebro, Torabi, Ben Saad, Washif, Strahler, Guimarães-Mataruna, Lebaron, Shaabani Ezdini, Rezaei, Moshtagh, Yagin, Gülü, Esmaeili, Müller, Ammar, Scoditti, Garbarino, Puce, Bragazzi and Nobari.Item Lockdown duration and training intensity affect sleep behavior in an international sample of 1454 elite athletes(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-06-15) Romdhani, Mohamed; Fullagar, Hugh H.K.; Vitale, Jacopo Antonino; Nedelec, Mathieu; Rae, Dale Elisabeth; Ammar, Achraf; Chtourou, Hamdi; Al-horani, Ramzi A; BEN SAAD, Helmi; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Donmez, Gurhan; Dergaa, Ismail; DRISS, Tarak; Farooq, Abdulaziz; Hammouda, Omar; Harroum, Nesrine; Hassanmirzaei, Bahar; Khalladi, Karim; Khemila, Syrine; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose; Moussa-Chamari, Imen; Mujika, Iñigo; Helú, Hussein Muñoz; Fashkhami, Amin Norouzi; Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane; Khaneghah, Mehrshad Rahbari; Saita, Yoshitomo; Souissi, Nizar; Trabelsi, Khaled; Washif, Jad Adrian; Weber, Johanna; Zmijewski, Piotr; Taylor, Lee; Garbarino, Sergio; Chamari, KarimObjective: To investigate the effect of (i) lockdown duration and (ii) training intensity on sleep quality and insomnia symptoms in elite athletes. Methods: 1454 elite athletes (24.1±6.7 years; 42% female; 41% individual sports) from 40 countries answered a retrospective, cross-sectional, web-based questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) Insomnia severity index (ISI); bespoke questions about (iii) napping; and (iv) training behaviors. The association between dependent (PSQI and ISI) and independent variables (sleep, napping, and training behaviors) was determined with multiple regression and is reported as semi-partial correlation coefficient squared (in percentage). Results: 15% spent < one month, 27% spent 1-2 months and 58% spent > two months in lockdown. 29% self-reported maintaining the same training intensity during-lockdown whilst 71% reduced training intensity. PSQI (4.1±2.4 to 5.8±3.1; mean difference (MD): 1.7; 95% confidence interval of the difference (95% CI): 1.6 to 1.9) and ISI (5.1±4.7 to 7.7±6.4; MD: 2.6; 95% CI: 2.3 to 2.9) scores were higher during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated (all p<0.001) with longer sleep onset latency (PSQI: 28%; ISI: 23%), later bedtime (PSQI: 13%; ISI: 14%) and later preferred time of day to train (PSQI: 9%; ISI: 5%) during-lockdown. Those who reduced training intensity during-lockdown showed higher PSQI (p<0.001; MD: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.63) and ISI (p<0.001; MD: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.72 to 3.27) scores compared to those who maintained training intensity. Although the PSQI score was not affected by the lockdown duration, the ISI score was higher in athletes who spent > two months confined compared to those who spent < one month (p<0.001; MD: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.26 to 2.3). Conclusions: Reducing training intensity during the COVID-19-induced lockdown was associated with lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity in elite athletes. Lockdown duration had further disrupting effects on elite athletes’ sleep behavior. These findings could be of relevance in future lockdown or lockdown-like situations (e.g., prolonged illness, injury, and quarantine after international travel). © 2022 Romdhani, Fullagar, Vitale, Nedelec, Rae, Ammar, Chtourou, Al-horani, BEN SAAD, Bragazzi, Donmez, Dergaa, DRISS, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-Chamari, Mujika, Muñoz Helú, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Rahbari Khaneghah, Saita, Souissi, Trabelsi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari.