Department of Creative Industries and Entrepreneurship
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Browsing Department of Creative Industries and Entrepreneurship by Author "Reynoso-Sánchez, Luis Felipe"
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Item Comparative Study of the Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Nutritional Practices Among International Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: A Sample of 1420 Participants from 14 Countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-12) Taheri, Morteza; Saad, Helmi Ben; Washif, Jad Adrian; Reynoso-Sánchez, Luis Felipe; Mirmoezzi, Masoud; Youzbashi, Leila; Trabelsi, Khaled; Moshtagh, Mozhgan; Muñoz-Helú, Hussein; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose; Seghatoleslami, Ali; Torabi, FarnazBackground Although several studies have shown that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has had negative impacts on mental health and eating behaviors among the general population and athletes, few studies have examined the long-term effects on elite and sub-elite athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health and eating behaviors in elite versus sub-elite athletes two years into the pandemic. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between March and April 2022, involving athletes from 14 countries, using a convenient non-probabilistic and snowball sampling method. A total of 1420 athletes (24.5 ± 7.9 years old, 569 elites, 35% women, and 851 sub-elites, 45% women) completed an online survey-based questionnaire. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic survey, information about the COVID-19 pandemic, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items (DASS-21) for mental health assessment, and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP-S) for assessing eating behavior. Results The results showed that compared to sub-elite athletes, elite athletes had lower scores on the DASS-21 (p = .001) and its subscales of depression (p = .003), anxiety (p = .007), and stress (p < .001), as well as a lower REAP-S score indicating lower diet quality (p = .013). Conclusion In conclusion, two years into the pandemic, elite athletes were likelier to have better mental health profiles than sub-elite athletes but surprisingly had lower diet quality.